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people in their prime

  • 1 люди люд·и

    подбирать людей — to select / to choose people

    простые люди — common / ordinary people, men in / from the street

    люди, занимающие высокое должностное положение — persons in high position

    люди разных взглядов и убеждений — people of different / various views and beliefs

    2) (лица, принадлежащие к какой-л. среде)
    3) (работники, кадры) people, men; воен. men

    "лишние люди" (безработные) — the unemployed

    4) (прислуга) servants

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > люди люд·и

  • 2 महा _mahā

    1
    महा A cow.
    2
    महा The substitute of महत् at the beginning of Karmadhāraya and Bahuvrīhi compounds, and also at the beginning of some other irregular words. (Note: The number of compounds of which महा is the first mem- ber is very large, and may be multiplied ad infinitum. The more important of them, or such as have peculiar significations, are given below.)
    -Comp. -अक्षः an epithet of Śiva. ˚पटलिक a chief keeper of archives.
    -अङ्ग a. huge, bulky.
    -(ङ्गः) 1 a camel.
    -2 a kind of rat.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -अञ्जनः N. of a mountain.
    -अत्ययः a great danger or calamity.
    -अध्वनिक a. 'having gone a long way', dead.
    -अध्वरः a great sacrifice.
    -अनसम् 1 a heavy carriage.
    -2 cooking utensils. (
    -सी) a kitchen-maid. (
    -सः, -सम्) a kitchen; सूपानस्य करिष्यामि कुशलो$स्मि महानसे Mb.4.2.2.
    -अनिलः a whirl- wind; महानिलेनेव निदाघजं रजः Ki.14.59.
    -अनुभाव a.
    1 of great prowess, dignified, noble, glorious, magnanimous, exalted, illustrious; ग्रहीतुमार्यान् परिचर्यया मुहुर्महानु- भावा हि नितान्तमर्थिनः Śi.1.17; Ś.3.
    -2 virtuous, righteous, just.
    (-वः) 1 a worthy or respectable person.
    -2 (pl.) people of a religious sect in Mahārāṣtra founded by Chakradhara in the 13th century.
    -अन्तकः 1 death.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -अन्धकारः 1 thick darkness.
    -2 gross (spiritual) ignorance.
    -अन्ध्राः (pl.) N. of a people and their country.
    -अन्वय, -अभिजन a. nobly-born, of noble birth. (
    -यः, -नः) noble birth, high descent.
    -अभिषवः the great extraction of Soma.
    -अमात्यः the chief or prime minister (of a king).
    -अम्बुकः an epithet of Śiva.
    -अम्बुजम् a billion.
    -अम्ल a. very sour. (
    -म्लम्) the fruit of the tamarind tree. अरण्यम् a great (dreary) forest, large forest.
    -अर्घ a. very costly, costing a high price; महार्घस्तीर्थानामिव हि महतां को$प्यतिशयः U.6.11. (
    -र्घः) a kind of quail.
    -अर्घ्य a.
    1 valuable, precious.
    -2 invaluable; ines- timable; see महार्ह below.
    -अर्चिस् a. flaming high.
    -अर्णवः 1 the great ocean.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 rich.
    -2 great, noble, dignified.
    -3 important, weighty.
    -4 significant.
    -अर्बुदम् one thousand millions.
    -अर्ह a.
    1 very valuable, very costly; महार्हशय्यापरिवर्तनच्युतैः स्वकेशपुष्पैरपि या स्म दूयते Ku.5.12.
    -2 invaluable, inestimable; महार्हशयनोपेत किं शेषे निहतो भुवि Rām.6.19. 2. (
    -र्हम्) white sandal-wood.
    -अवरोहः the fig-tree.
    -अशनिध्वजः a great banner in the form of the thunderbolt; जहार चान्येन मयूरपत्रिणा शरेण शक्रस्य महाशनि- ध्वजम् R.3.56.
    - अशन a. voracious, gluttonous; Mb. 4.
    -अश्मन् m. a precious stone, ruby.
    -अष्टमी the eighth day in the bright half of Āśvina sacred to Durgā; आश्विने शुक्लपक्षस्य भवेद् या तिथिरष्टमी । महाष्टमीति सा प्रोक्ता......
    -असिः a large sword.
    -असुरी N. of Durgā.
    -अह्नः the afternoon.
    -आकार a. extensive, large, great.
    -आचार्यः 1 a great teacher.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -आढ्य a. wealthy, very rich. (
    -ढ्यः) the Kadamba tree.
    -आत्मन् a.
    1 high-souled, high-minded, magnanimous, noble; अयं दुरात्मा अथवा महात्मा कौटिल्यः Mu.7; द्विषन्ति मन्दाश्चरितं महात्मनाम् Ku.5.75; U.1.49; प्रकृतिसिद्धमिदं हि महात्मनाम् Bh.1.63.
    -2 illustrious, distinguished, exalted, eminent; किमाचाराः किमाहाराः क्व च वासो महात्मनाम् Mb.3. 1.4.
    -3 mighty (महाबल); अथायमस्यां कृतवान् महात्मा लङ्केश्वरः कष्टमनार्यकर्म Rām.5.9.74. (-m.)
    1 the Supreme Spirit; युगपत्तु प्रलीयन्ते यदा तस्मिन् महात्मनि Ms.1.54.
    -2 the great principle, i. e. intellect of the Sāṅkhyas. (महात्मवत् means the same as महात्मन्).
    -आनकः a kind of large drum.
    -आनन्दः, -नन्दः 1 great joy or bliss.
    -2 espe- cially, the great bliss of final beatitude.
    (-न्दा) 1 spirituous liquor.
    -2 a festival on the ninth day in the bright half of Māgha.
    -आपगा a great river.
    -आयुधः an epithet of Śiva.
    -आरम्भ a. undertaking great works, enterprizing. (
    -म्भः) any great enterprize.
    -आलयः 1 a temple in general.
    -2 a sanctuary, an asylum.
    -3 a great dwelling.
    -4 a place of pilgrimage.
    -5 the world of Brahman.
    -6 the Supreme Spirit.
    -7 a tree &c. sacred to a deity.
    -8 N. of a particular dark fortnight.
    -9 पितृश्राद्ध in the month of Bhādra- pada. (
    -या) N. of a particular deity.
    - आशय a. high- souled, nobleminded, magnanimous, noble; दैवात् प्रबुद्धः शुश्राव वराहो हि महाशयः Ks; राजा हिरण्यगर्भो महाशयः H.4; see महात्मन्.
    (-यः) 1 a noble-minded or magnanimous person; महाशयचक्रवर्ती Bv.1.7.
    -2 the ocean.
    -आस्पद a.
    1 occupying a great position.
    -2 mighty, powerful.
    -आहवः a great or tumultuous fight.
    -इच्छ a.
    1 magnanimous, noble-minded, high-souled, noble; मही महेच्छः परिकीर्य सूनौ R.18.33.
    -2 having lofty aims or aspirations, ambitious; विद्यावतां महेच्छानां...... नाश्रयः पार्थिवं विना Pt.1.37.
    -इन्द्रः 1 'the great Indra', N. of Indra; इयं महेन्द्रप्रभृतीनधिश्रियः Ku.5.53; R.13.2; Ms.7.7.
    -2 a chief or leader in general.
    -3 N. of a mountain range; पतिर्महेन्द्रस्य महोदधेश्च R.6.54;4.39,43. ˚चापः rain-bow. ˚नगरी N. of Amarāvatī, the capital of Indra. ˚मन्त्रिन् m. an epithet of Bṛihaspati. ˚वाहः the elephant Airāvata; महेन्द्रवाहप्रतिमो महात्मा Mb.9.17.52.
    -इभ्य a. very rich.
    -इषुः a great archer; अधिरोहति गाण्डीवं महेषौ Ki.13.16.
    -इष्वासः a great archer, a great warrior; अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भामार्जुनसमा युधि Bg.1.4.
    -ईशः, -ईशानः N. of Śiva; महेशस्त्वां धत्ते शिरसि रसराजस्य जयिनीम् Udb. ˚बन्धुः the Bilva tree.
    -ईशानी N. of Pārvatī.
    -ईश्वरः 1 a great lord, sovereign; महेश्वरस्त्र्यम्बक एव नापरः R.; गोप्तारं न निधीनां कथयन्ति महेश्वरं विबुधाः Pt.2.74.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu.
    -4 a god (opp. प्रकृति).
    -5 the Supreme Being (परमात्मा); मायां तु प्रकृतिं विद्यान्मायिनं तु महेश्वरम् Śvet. Up.4.1. ˚सखः N. of Kubera; यया कैलासभवने महेश्वरसखं बली Mb.9.11.55.
    (-री) 1 N. of Durgā.
    -2 a kind of bell-metal.
    -उक्षः (for उक्षन्) a large bull; a full grown or strong bull; महोक्षतां वत्सतरः स्पृशन्निव R.3.32;4.22;6.72; Śi.5.63.
    -उत्पलम् a large blue lotus. (
    -लः) the Sārasa bird.
    -उत्सवः 1 a great festival or occasion of joy; नयनविषयं जन्मन्येकः स एव महोत्सवः Māl.1.36.
    -2 the god of love.
    -उत्साह a. possessed of great energy, energetic, persevering; अहं च कर्णं जानामि...... सत्यसंधं महोत्साहं...... Mb.3.91.2.
    (-हः) 1 perseverance.
    -2 great pride; ये जात्यादिमहो- त्साहान्नरेन्द्रान्नोपयान्ति च । तेषामामरणं भिक्षा प्रायश्चितं विनिर्मितम् ॥ Pt.1.38.
    -उदधिः 1 the great ocean; महोदधेः पूर इवेन्दु- दर्शनात् R.3.17.
    -2 an epithet of Indra. ˚जः a conch- shell, shell.
    - उदय a. very prosperous or lucky, very glorious or splendid, of great prosperity.
    (-यः) 1 (a) great elevation or rise, greatness, prosperity; नन्दस्त्वतीन्द्रियं दृष्ट्वा लोकपालमहोदयम् Bhāg.1.28.1; अपवर्ग- महोदयार्थयोर्भुवमंशाविव धर्मयोर्गतौ R.8.16. (b) great fortune or good luck. (c) greatness, pre-eminence.
    -2 final beatitude.
    -3 a lord, master.
    -4 N. of the district called Kānyakubja or Kanouja; see App.
    -5 N. of the capital of Kanouja.
    -6 sour milk mixed with honey.
    -7 = महात्मन् q. v.; संसक्तौ किमसुलभं महोदयानाम Ki.7.27. ˚पर्वन् a time of union of the middle of श्रवण नक्षत्र and the end of व्यतिपात (generally in the month of माघ or पौष at the beginning of अमावास्या).
    - उदर a. big-bellied, corpulent.
    -(रम्) 1 a big belly.
    -2 dropsy.
    -उदार a.
    1 very generous or magnanimous.
    -2 mighty, powerful.
    -उद्यम a. = महोत्साह q. v; महोद्यमाः कर्म समा- रभन्ते.
    -उद्योग a. very industrious or diligent, hard- working.
    -उद्रेकः a particular measure (= 4 प्रस्थs).
    -उन्नत a. exceedingly lofty. (
    -तः) the palmyra tree.
    -उन्नतिः f. great rise or elevation (fig. also), high rank.
    -उपकारः a great obligation.
    -उपाध्यायः a great preceptor, a learned teacher.
    -उरगः a great serpent; वपुर्महोरगस्येव करालफणमण्डलम् R.12.98.
    -उरस्क a. broad-chested. (
    -स्कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -उर्मिन् m. the ocean; ततः सागरमासाद्य कुक्षौ तस्य महोर्मिणः Mb.3.2.17.
    -उल्का 1 a great meteor.
    -2 a great fire-brand.
    -ऋत्विज् m. 'great priest', N. of the four chief sacri- ficial priests.
    -ऋद्धि a. very prosperous, opulent. (-f.) great prosperity or affluence.
    -ऋषभः a great bull.
    -ऋषिः 1 a great sage or saint; यस्मादृषिः परत्वेन महांस्त- स्मान्महर्षयः; (the term is applied in Ms.1.34 to the ten Prajāpatis or patriarchs of mankind, but it is also used in the general sense of 'a great sage').
    -2 N. of Sacute;iva.
    -3 of Buddha.
    -ओघ a. having a strong current.
    -घः a very large number; शतं खर्व- सहस्राणां समुद्रमभिधीयते । शतं समुद्रसाहस्रं महौघमिति विश्रुतम् ॥ Rām.6.28.37.
    -ओष्ठ (महोष्ठ) a. having large lips. (
    -ष्ठः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -ओजस् a. very mighty or powerful, possessed of great splendour or glory; महौजसा मानधना धनार्चिताः Ki.1.19. (-m.) a great hero or warrior, a champion. (-n.) great vigour.
    -ओजसम् the discus of Viṣṇu (सुदर्शन). (
    -सी) N. of plant (Mar. कांगणी).
    -ओदनी Asparagus Racemosus (Mar. शतावरी).
    -ओषधिः f.
    1 a very efficacious medicinal plant, a sovereign drug.
    -2 the Dūrvā grass.
    -3 N. of various plants ब्राह्मी, श्वेतकण्टकारी, कटुका, अतिविष &c. ˚गणः a collection of great or medicinal herbs:-- पृश्निपर्णी श्यामलता भृङ्गराजः शतावरी । गुड्चा सहदेवी च महौषधिगणः स्मृतः ॥ cf. also सहदेवी तथा व्याघ्री बला चातिबला त्वचा । शङ्खपुष्पी तथा सिंही अष्टमी च सुवर्चला ॥ महौषध्यष्टकं प्रोक्तं....
    -औषधम् 1 a sovereign remedy, panacea.
    -2 ginger.
    -3 garlic.
    -4 a kind of poison (वत्सनाभ).
    -कच्छः 1 the sea.
    -2 N. of Varuṇa.
    -3 a mountain.
    -कन्दः garlic.
    -कपर्दः a kind of shell.
    -कपित्थः 1 the Bilva tree.
    -2 red garlic.
    -कम्बु a. stark naked. (
    -म्बुः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -कर a.
    1 large-handed.
    -2 having a large revenue.
    -कर्णः an epithet of Śiva.
    -कर्मन् a. doing great works. (-m.) an epithet of Śiva.
    -कला the night of the new moon.
    -कल्पः a great cycle of time (1 years of Brahman); Bhāg.7.15.69.
    -कविः 1 a great poet, a classical poet, such as कालिदास, भवभूति, बाण, भारवि &c.
    -2 an epithet of Śukra.
    -कषायः N. of a plant (Mar. कायफळ).
    -कान्तः an epithet of Śiva. (
    -ता) the earth.
    -काय a. big-bodied, big, gigantic, bulky.
    (-यः) 1 an elephant.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu.
    -4 of a being attending on Śiva (= नन्दि).
    -कारुणिक a. exceedingly compassionate.
    -कार्तिकी the night of full-moon in the month of Kārtika.
    -कालः 1 a form of Śiva in his character as the destroyer of the world; महाकालं यजेद्देव्या दक्षिणे धूम्रवर्णकम् Kālītantram.
    -2 N. of a cele- brated shrine or temple of Śiva (Mahākāla) (one of the 12 celebrated Jyotirliṅgas) established at Ujjayinī (immortalized by Kālidāsa in his Meghadūta, which gives a very beautiful description of the god, his temple, worship &c., together with a graphic picture of the city; cf. Me.3-38; also R.6.34); महाकालनिवासिनं कालीविलासिनमनश्वरं महेश्वरं समाराध्य Dk.1.1.
    -3 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -4 N. of a kind of gourd.
    -5 N. of Śiva's servant (नन्दि). ˚पुरम् the city of Ujjayinī. ˚फलम् a red fruit with black seeds; पक्वं महाकालफलं किलासीत् N.22.29.
    -काली an epithet of Durgā in her terrific form.
    -काव्यम् a great or classical poem; (for a full description of its nature, contents &c., according to Rhetoricians see S. D.559). (The number of Mahākāvyas is usually said to be five:-- रघुवंश, कुमारसंभव, किरातार्जुनीय, शिशुपालवध and नैषधचरित or six, if मेघदूत-- a very small poem or खण़्डकाव्य-- be added to the list. But this enumeration is apparently only traditional, as there are several other poems, such as the भट्टिकाव्य, विक्रमाङ्कदेवचरित, हरविजय &c. which have an equal claim to be considered as Mahākāvyas).
    -कीर्तनम् a house.
    -कुमारः the eldest son of a reigning prince, heir-apparent.
    -कुल, -कुलीन a. of noble birth or descent, sprung from a noble family, nobly born. (
    -लम्) a noble birth or family, high descent.
    -कुहः a species of parasitical worm.
    -कृच्छ्रम् a great penance.
    -केतुः N. of Śiva.
    -केशः, -कोशः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 a large sheath.
    -क्रतुः a great sacrifice; e. g. a horse-sacrifice; तदङ्गमग्ऱ्यं मघवन् महाक्रतोरमुं तुरङ्गं प्रतिमोक्तुमर्हसि R.3.46.
    -क्रमः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -क्रोधः an epithet of Śiva.
    -क्षत्रपः a great satrap.
    -क्षीरः sugar-cane.
    -क्षीरा f. a She-buffalo; Nighaṇṭaratnākara.
    -खर्वः, -र्वम् a high number (ten billions ?).
    -गजः a great elephant; see दिक्करिन्.
    -गणपतिः a form of the god Gaṇeśa.
    -गदः fever.
    -गन्ध a. exceedingly fragrant. (
    -न्धः) a kind of cane. (
    -न्धम्) a kind of sandal- wood. (
    -न्धा) N. of Chāmuṇḍā.
    -गर्तः, -गर्भः -गीतः N. of Śiva.
    -गर्दभगन्धिका N. of a plant, भारङ्गी.
    -गल a. longnecked.
    -गवः Bos gavaeus.
    -गुण a. very efficacious, sovereign (as a medicine); त्वया ममैष संबन्धः कपिमुख्य महागुणः Rām.5.1.12. (
    -णः) a chief quality, cardinal virtue.
    -गुरुः a highly respectable or venerable person; (these are three, the father, mother and preceptor; पिता माता तथाचार्यो महागुरुरिति स्मृतः).
    -गुल्मा the Soma plant.
    -गृष्टिः f. a cow with a large hump.
    -ग्रहः 1 an epithet of Rāhu.
    -2 the sun; महाग्रहग्राहविनष्टपङ्कः Rām.5.5.6.
    -ग्रामः N. of the ancient capital of Ceylon, the modern Māgama.
    -ग्रीवः 1 a camel.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -ग्रीविन् m. a camel.
    -घूर्णा spirituous liquor.
    -घृतम् ghee kept for a long time (for medicinal purposes).
    -घोष a. noisy, loud-sounding. (
    -षम्) a market, fair. (
    -षः) a loud noise, clamour.
    -चक्रम् the mystic circle in the शाक्त ceremonial.
    -चक्रवर्तिन् m. a universal monarch.
    -चण्डा N. of Chāmuṇḍā.
    -चपला a kind of metre.
    -चमूः f. a large army.
    -छायः the fig-tree.
    -जङ्घः a camel.
    -जटः an epithet of Śiva.
    -जटा 1 a great braid of hair.
    -2 the matted hair of Śiva.
    -जत्रु a. having a great collar-bone. (
    -त्रुः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -जनः 1 a multitude of men, a great many beings, the general populace or public; महाजनो येन गतः स पन्थाः Mb.3.313. 117; आगम्य तु ततो राजा विसृज्य च महाजनम् 6.98.25.
    -2 the populace, mob; विलोक्य वृद्धोक्षमधिष्ठितं त्वया महाजनः स्मेरमुखो भविष्यति Ku.5.7.
    -3 a great man, a distinguished or eminent man; महाजनस्य संसर्गः कस्य नोन्नतिकारकः । पद्मपत्रस्थितं तोयं धत्ते मुक्ताफलश्रियम् Pt.3.6.
    -4 the chief of a caste or trade.
    -5 a merchant, tradesman.
    -जवः an antelope.
    -जातीय a.
    1 rather large.
    -2 of an excellent kind.
    -जालिः, -ली N. of a plant (Mar. सोनामुखी)
    -जिह्वः an epithet of Śiva.
    -ज्ञानिन् m.
    1 a very learned man.
    -2 a great sage.
    -3 N. of Śiva.
    -ज्यैष्ठी the day of fullmoon in the month of Jyeṣṭha; ताभिर्दृश्यत एष यान् पथि महाज्यैष्ठीमहे मन्महे N.15.89; पूर्णिमा रविवारेण महाज्यैष्ठी प्रकीर्तिता Agni P.121.63.
    -ज्योतिस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -ज्वरः great affliction.
    -ज्वाल a. very brilliant or shining.
    (-लः) 1 N. of Śiva.
    -2 a sacrificial fire.
    -डीनम् a kind of flight; 'यानं महाडीनमाहुः पवित्रामूर्जितां गतिम्' Mb.8.41.27 (com.).
    -तपस् m.
    1 a great ascetic.
    -2 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -तलम् N. of one of the seven lower regions; see पाताल.
    -तारा N. of a Buddhist goddess.
    -तिक्तः the Nimba tree.
    -तिथिः the 6th day of a lunation.
    -तीक्ष्ण a. exceedingly sharp or pungent. (
    -क्ष्णा) the marking- nut plant.
    -तेजस् a.
    1 possessed of great lustre or splendour.
    -2 very vigorous or powerful, heroic. (-m.)
    1 a hero, warrior.
    -2 fire.
    -3 an epithet of Kārtikeya. (-n.) quick-silver.
    -त्याग, -त्यागिन् a. very generous. (-m.) N. of Śiva.
    -दंष्ट्रः a species of big tiger.
    -दन्तः 1 an elephant with large tusks.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -दण्डः 1 a long arm.
    -2 a severe punishment.
    -दम्भः an epithet of Śiva.
    -दशा the influence exercised (over a man's destiny) by a predominant planet.
    -दानम् the gift of gold equal to one's own weight; अथातः संप्रवक्ष्यामि महादानस्य लक्षणम्.
    -दारु n. the devadāru tree.
    -दुर्गम् a great calamity; Pt.
    -दूषकः a kind of grain.
    -देवः N. of Śiva.
    (-वी) 1 N. of Pārvatī.
    -2 the chief queen.
    -द्रुमः the sacred fig-tree.
    -द्वारम् a large gate, the chief or outer gate of a temple.
    -धन a.
    1 rich.
    -2 expensive, costly; हेमदण्डैर्महाधनैः Rām.7. 77.13.
    (-नम्) 1 gold.
    -2 incense.
    -3 a costly or rich dress.
    -4 agriculture, husbandry.
    -5 anything costly or precious.
    -6 great booty.
    -7 a great battle (Ved.).
    -धनुस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -धातुः 1 gold.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 lymph.
    -4 N. of Meru.
    -धी a. having a great understanding.
    -धुर्यः a full-grown draught ox.
    -ध्वजः a camel.
    -ध्वनिक a. dead.
    -नग्नः an athlete; Buddh.
    -नटः an epithet of Śiva; महानटः किं नु...... तनोति...... साम्प्रतमङ्गहारम् N.22.7; महानटबाहुनेव बद्धभुजाङ्केन Vās.
    -नदः a great river.
    -नदी 1 a great river, such as Gaṅgā, Kṛiṣṇā; मन्दरः पर्वतश्चाक्षो जङ्घा तस्य महानदी Mb.8.34.2; संभूयाम्भोधिमभ्येति महानद्या नगापगा Śi.2.1.
    -2 N. of a river falling into the bay of Bengal.
    -नन्दा 1 spirituous liquor.
    -2 N. of a river.
    -3 ninth day of the bright half of the month of Māgha; माघमासस्य या शुक्ला नवमी लोकपूजिचा । महानन्देति सा प्रोक्ता....
    -नरकः N. of one of the 21 hells.
    -नलः a kind of reed.
    -नवमी the ninth day in the bright half of Āśvina, sacred to the worship of Durgā ततो$नु नवमी यस्मात् सा महानवमी स्मृता.
    -नाटकम् 'the great drama', N. of a drama, also called Hanumannāṭaka, (being popularly ascribed to Hanumat); thus defined by S. D.:-- एतदेव यदा सर्वैः पताकास्थानकैर्युतम् । अङ्कैश्च दशभिर्धीरा महानाटकमूचिरे ॥
    -नाडी sinew, tendon.
    -नादः 1 a loud sound, uproar.
    -2 a great drum.
    -3 a thunder-cloud.
    -4 a shell.
    -5 an elephant.
    -6 a lion.
    -7 the ear.
    -8 a camel.
    -9 an epithet of Śiva. (
    -दम्) a musical instrument.
    -नाम्नी 1 N. of a परिशिष्ट of Sāmaveda.
    -2 (pl.) N. of 9 verses of Sāmaveda beginning with विदा मघवन् विदा.
    -नायकः 1 a great gem in the centre of a string of pearls.
    -2 a great head or chief.
    -नासः an epithet of Śiva.
    -निद्र a. fast asleep. (
    -द्रा) 'the great sleep', death.
    -निम्नम् intestines, abdomen.
    -नियमः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -निर्वाणम् total extinction of individuality (according to the Buddhists).
    -निशा 1 the dead of night, the second and third watches of the night; महानिशा तु विज्ञेया मध्यमं प्रहरद्वयम्
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -नीचः a washerman.
    -नील a. dark-blue. (
    -लः) a kind of sapphire or emerald; इन्द्रनीलमहानीलमणिप्रवरवेदिकम् Rām.5.9.16; महा- महानीलशिलारुचः Śi.1.16;4.44; R.18.42; Kau. A.2.11. 29. ˚उपलः a sapphire.
    -नृत्यः, -नेत्रः an epithet of Śiva.
    -नेमिः a crow.
    -न्यायः the chief rule.
    -पक्ष a.
    1 having many adherents.
    -2 having a large family or retinue; महापक्षे धनिन्यार्थे निक्षेपं निक्षिपेद् बुधः Ms.8.179.
    (-क्षः) 1 an epithet of Garuḍa.
    -2 a kind of duck. (
    -क्षी) an owl.
    -पङ्क्तिः, -पदपङ्क्तिः a kind of metre.
    -पञ्चमूलम् the five great roots:-- बिल्वो$ग्निमन्थः श्योनाकः काश्मरी पाटला तथा । सर्वैस्तु मिलितैरेतैः स्यान्महापञ्चमूलकम् ॥
    -पञ्चविषम् the five great or deadly poisons:-- शृङ्गी च कालकूटश्च मुस्तको वत्सनाभकः । शङ्खकर्णीति योगो$यं महापञ्चविषाभिधः ॥
    -पटः the skin.
    -पथः 1 chief road, principal street, high or main road; संतानकाकीर्णमहापथं तत् Ku.7.3.
    -2 the passage into the next world, i. e. death.
    -3 N. of certain mountain-tops from which devout persons used to throw themselves down to secure entrance into heaven.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva.
    -5 the long pilgrimage to mount Ke- dāra.
    -6 the way to heaven.
    -7 the knowledge of the essence of Śiva acquired in the pilgrimage to Kedāra.
    -पथिक a.
    1 undertaking great journeys.
    -2 one receiving Śulka (toll) on the high way; cf. Mb.12.76.6 (com. महापथिकः समुद्रे नौयानेन गच्छन् यद्वा महापथि शुल्कग्राहकः)
    -पद्मः 1 a particular high number.
    -2 N. of Nārada.
    -3 N. of one of the nine treasures of Kubera.
    -4 N. of the southernmost elephant supporting the world.
    -5 an epithet of Nanda.
    -6 a Kinnara attendant on Kubera.
    (-द्मम्) 1 a white lotus.
    -2 N. of a city. ˚पतिः N. of Nanda.
    -पराकः a. a particular penance; Hch.
    -पराङ्णः a late hour in the afternoon.
    -पवित्रः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -पशुः large cattle; महापशूनां हरणे... दण्डं प्रकल्पयेत् Ms.8.324.
    -पातः a long flight; Pt.2.58.
    -पातकम् 1 a great sin, a heinous crime; ब्रह्महत्या सुरापानं स्तेयं गुर्वङ्गनागमः । महान्ति पातकान्याहुस्तत्संसर्गश्च पञ्चमम् ॥ Ms.1154.
    -2 any great sin or transgression.
    -पात्रः a prime minister.
    -पादः an epithet of Śiva.
    -पाप्मन् a. very sinful or wicked.
    -पुराणम् N. of a Purāṇa; महापुराणं विज्ञेयमेकादशकलक्षणम् Brav. P.
    -पुंसः a great man.
    -पुरुषः 1 a great man, an eminent or distinguished personage; शब्दं महापुरुषसंविहितं निशम्य U. 6.7.
    -2 the Supreme Spirit.
    -3 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -पौरुषिकः a worshipper of Viṣṇu; तदहं ते$भिधास्यामि महापौरुषिको भवान् Bhāg.2.1.1.
    -पुष्पः a kind of worm.
    -पूजा great worship; any solemn worship performed on extraordinary occasions.
    -पृष्ठः a camel.
    -पोटगलः a kind of large reed.
    -प्रजापतिः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -प्रतीहारः a chief door-keeper.
    -प्रपञ्चः the great universe.
    -प्रभ a. of great lustre. (
    -भः) the light of a lamp.
    -प्रभुः 1 a great lord.
    -2 a king, sovereign.
    -3 a chief.
    -4 an epithet of Indra.
    -5 of Śiva
    -6 of Viṣṇu.
    -7 a great saint or holy man.
    -प्रलयः 'the great dissolution', the total annihilation of the universe at the end of the life of Brahman, when all the lokas with their inha- bitants, the gods, saints &c. including Brahman himself are annihilated; महाप्रलयमारुत...... Ve.3.4.
    -प्रश्नः a knotty question.
    -प्रसादः 1 a great favour.
    -2 a great present (of food offered to an idol); पादोदकं च निर्माल्यं नैवेद्यं च विशेषतः । महाप्रसाद इत्युक्त्वा ग्राह्यं विष्णोः प्रयत्नतः
    -प्रस्थानम् 1 departing this life, death.
    -2 setting out on a great journey for ending life; इहैव निधनं याम महाप्रस्थानमेव वा Rām.2.47.7 (com. महाप्रस्थानं मरणदीक्षा- पूर्वकमुत्तराभिमुखगमनम्); Mb.1.2.365.
    -प्राणः 1 the hard breathing or aspirate sound made in the pronunciation of the aspirates.
    -2 the aspirated letters themselves (pl.); they are:-- ख्, घ्, छ्, झ्, ठ्, ढ्, थ्, ध्, फ्, भ्, श्, ष्, स्, ह्.
    -3 a raven.
    -प्राणता possession of great strength or essence; अन्यांश्च जीवत एव महाप्राणतया स्फुरतो जग्राह K.
    -प्रेतः a noble departed spirit.
    -प्लवः a great flood, deluge;... क्षिप्तसागरमहाप्लवामयम् Śi.14.71.
    -फल a.
    1 bearing much fruit.
    -2 bringing much reward.
    (-ला) 1 a bitter gourd.
    -2 a kind of spear.
    (-लम्) 1 a great fruit or reward.
    -2 a testicle.
    -फेना the cuttle-fish bone.
    -बन्धः a peculiar position of hands or feet.
    -बभ्रुः a kind of animal living in holes.
    -बल a. very strong; नियुज्यमानो राज्याय नैच्छद्राज्यं महाबलः Rām
    (-लः) 1 wind, storm.
    -2 a Buddha.
    -3 a solid bamboo.
    -4 a palm.
    -5 a crocodile.
    -बला N. of a plant; महाबला च पीतपुष्पा सहदेवी च सा स्मृता Bhāva. P. (
    -लम्) lead. ˚ईश्वरः N. of a Liṅga of Śiva near the modern Mahābaleśwara.
    -बाध a. causing great pain or damage.
    -बाहु a. long-armed, powerful. (
    -हुः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -बि(वि)लम् 1 the atmosphere.
    -2 the heart.
    -3 a water-jar, pitcher.
    -4 a hole, cave.
    -बिसी a variety of skin (चर्म), a product of द्वादशग्राम in the Himālayas.
    -बी(वी)जः an epithet of Śiva.
    -बी (वी)ज्यम् the perinæum.
    -बुध्न a. having a great bottom or base (as a mountain).
    -बुशः barley.
    -बृहती a kind of metre.
    -बोधिः 1 the great intelligence of a Buddha.
    -2 a Buddha.
    -ब्रह्मम्, -ब्रह्मन् n. the Supreme Spirit.
    -ब्राह्मणः 1 a great or learned Brāhmaṇa.
    -2 a low or contemptible Brāhmaṇa.
    -भटः a great warrior; तदोजसा दैत्यमहाभटार्पितम् Bhāg.
    -भद्रा N. of the river Gaṅgā.
    -भाग a.
    1 very fortunate or blessed, very lucky or prosperous.
    -2 illustrious, distinguished, glo- rious; उभौ धर्मौ महाभागौ Mb.12.268.3; महाभागः कामं नरपतिरभिन्नस्थितिरसौ Ś.5.1; Ms.3.192.
    -3 very pure or holy, highly virtuous; पतिव्रता महाभागा कथं नु विचरिष्यति Mb.4.3.16.
    -भागता, -त्वम्, -भाग्यम् 1 extreme good fortune, great good luck, prosperity.
    -2 great excel- lence or merit.
    -भागवतम् the great Bhāgavata, one of the 18 Purāṇas. (
    -तः) a great worshipper of Viṣṇu.
    -भागिन् a. very fortunate or prosperous.
    -भाण्डम् a chief treasury.
    -भारतम् N. of the celebrated epic which describes the rivalries and contests of the sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu. (It consists of 18 Parvans or books, and is said to be the composition of Vyāsa; cf. the word भारत also); महत्त्वाद्भारतत्वाच्च महाभारतमुच्यते
    -भाष्यम् 1 a great commentary.
    -2 particularly, the great commentary of Patañjali on the Sūtras of Pāṇini.
    -भासुरः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -भिक्षुः N. of Śākyamuni.
    -भीता a kind of sensitive plant (लाजाळू).
    -भीमः an epithet of king Śantanu.
    -भीरुः a sort of beetle or fly.
    -भुज a. long-armed, powerful.
    -भूतम् a great or primary element; see भूत; तस्यैतस्य महाभूतस्य निःश्वसितमेतद्यदृग्वेदः Up.; तं वेधा विदधे नूनं महाभूतसमाधिना R.1. 29; Ms.1.6.
    (-तः) 1 the Supreme Being.
    -2 a great creature.
    -भोगः 1 a great enjoyment.
    -2 a great coil or hood; great winding.
    -3 a serpent. (
    -गा) an epi- thet of Durgā.
    -मणिः 1 a costly or precious jewel; संस्कारोल्लिखितो महामणिरिव क्षीणो$पि नालक्ष्यते Ś.6.5.
    -2 N. of Śiva.
    -मति a.
    1 high-minded.
    -2 clever. (
    -तिः) N. of Bṛihaspati or Jupiter.
    -मत्स्यः a large fish, sea-monster.
    -मद a. greatly intoxicated. (
    -दः) an elephant in rut.
    -मनस्, -मनस्क a.
    1 high-minded, noble- minded, magnanimous; ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा धर्मपुत्रो महामनाः Mb.4.1.7.
    -2 liberal.
    -3 proud, haughty. (-m) a fabulous animal called शरभ q. v.
    -मन्त्रः 1 any sacred text of the Vedas.
    -2 a great or efficacious charm, a powerful spell.
    -मन्त्रिन् m. the prime-minister, premier.
    -मयूरी N. of Buddhist goddess.
    -मलहारी a kind of Rāgiṇi.
    -महः a great festive procession; Sinhās.
    -महस् n. a great light (seen in the sky).
    -महोपाध्यायः 1 a very great preceptor.
    -2 a title given to learned men and reputed scholars; e. g. महामहो- पाध्यायमल्लिनाथसूरि &c.
    -मांसम् 'costly flesh', especially human flesh; न खलु महामांसविक्रयादन्यमुपायं पश्यामि Māl.4; अशस्त्रपूतं निर्व्याजं पुरुषाङ्गोपकल्पितम् । विक्रीयते महामांसं गृह्यतां गृह्यतामिदम् 5.12 (see Jagaddhara ad loc.).
    -माघी the full-moon day in the month of Māgha.
    -मात्र a.
    1 great in measure, very great or large.
    -2 most excellent, best; वृष्ण्यन्धकमहामात्रैः सह Mb.1.221.27; 5.22.37.
    (-त्रः) 1 a great officer of state, high state- official, a chief minister; (मन्त्रे कर्मणि भूषायां वित्ते माने परिच्छदे । मात्रा च महती येषां महामात्रास्तु ते स्मृताः); Ms. 9.259; गूढपुरुषप्रणिधिः कृतमहामात्रापसर्पः (v. l. महामात्यापसर्पः) पौरजानपदानपसर्पयेत् Kau. A.1.13.9; Rām.2.37.1.
    -2 an elephant-driver or keeper; मदोन्मत्तस्य भूपस्य कुञ्जरस्य च गच्छतः । उन्मार्गं वाच्यतां यान्ति महामात्राः समीपगाः ॥ Pt.1.161.
    -3 a superintendent of elephants.
    (-त्री) 1 the wife of a chief minister.
    -2 the wife of a spiritual teacher.
    -मानसी N. of a Jain goddess.
    -मान्य a. being in great honour with; मकरन्दतुन्दिलानामरविन्दानामयं महामान्यः Bv.1.6.
    -मायः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -माया 1 worldly illusion, which makes the material world appear really existent.
    -2 N. of Durgā; महामाया हरेश्चैषा यया संमोह्यते जगत् Devīmāhātmya.
    -मायूरम् a particular drug. (
    -री) N. of an amulet and a goddess; Buddh.
    -मारी 1 cholera, an epidemic.
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -मार्गः high road, main street. ˚पतिः a superintendent of roads.
    -मालः N. of Śiva.
    -माहेश्वरः a great worshipper of Maheśvara or Śiva.
    -मुखः a crocodile.
    -मुद्रा a parti- cular position of hands or feet (in practice of yoga).
    -मुनिः 1 a great sage.
    -2 N. of Vyāsa.
    -3 an epithet of Buddha.
    -4 of Agastya.
    -5 the coriander plant. (
    -नि n.)
    1 coriander seed.
    -2 any medicinal herb or drug.
    -मूर्तिः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -मूर्धन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -मूलम् a large radish. (
    -लः) a kind of onion.
    -मूल्य a. very costly. (
    -ल्यः) a ruby.
    -मृगः 1 any large animal.
    -2 an elephant,
    -3 the fabulous animal called शरभ.
    -मृत्युः, -मेधः N. of Śiva.
    -मृत्युंजयः a kind of drug.
    -मृधम् a great battle.
    -मेदः the coral tree; महामेदाभिधो ज्ञेयः Bhāva. P.
    -मेधा an epithet of Durgā.
    -मोहः great infatuation or confusion of mind. (ससर्ज) महामोहं च मोहं च तमश्चाज्ञानवृत्तयः Bhāg.3.12.2. (
    -हा) an epithet of Durgā.
    -यज्ञः 'a great sacrifice', a term applied to the five daily sacrifices or acts of piety to be performed by a house-holder; अध्यापनं ब्रह्मयज्ञः पितृयज्ञस्तु तर्पणम् । होमो दैवो (or देवयज्ञः) बलिर्भौतो (or भूतयज्ञः) नृयज्ञो$तिथिपूजनम् ॥ Ms.3.7,71, (for explanation, see the words s. v.).
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -यमकम् 'a great Yamaka', i. e. a stanza all the four lines of which have exactly the same words, though different in sense; e. g. see Ki.15.52, where विकाशमीयुर्जगतीशमार्गणाः has four different senses; cf. also बभौ मरुत्वान् विकृतः समुद्रः Bk.1.19.
    -यशस् a. very famous, renowned, celebrated.
    -यात्रा 'the great pilgrimage', the pilgrimage to Benares.
    -यानम् N. of the later system of Buddhist teaching, firstly promul- gated by Nāgārjuna (opp. हीनयान).
    -याम्यः an epi- thet of Viṣṇu.
    -युगम् 'a great Yuga', consisting of the four Yugas of mortals, or comprising 4,32, years of men.
    -योगिन् m.
    1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 of Viṣṇu.
    -3 a cock.
    -योनिः f. excessive dilation of the female organ.
    -रक्तम् coral.
    -रङ्गः a large stage.
    -रजतम् 1 gold; उच्चैर्महारजतराजिविराजितासौ Śi.4.28.
    -2 the thorn-apple.
    -रजनम् 1 safflower.
    -2 gold.
    -3 turmeric; तस्य हैतस्य पुरुषस्य रूपं यथा महारजनं वासः Bṛi. Up.2.3.6.
    -रत्नम् 1 a precious jewel; वज्रं मुक्ता प्रवालं च गोमेदश्चेन्द्रनीलकः ॥ वैडूर्यः पुष्करागश्च पाचिर्माणिक्यमेव च । महारत्नानि चैतानि नव प्रोक्तानि सूरिभिः ॥ Śukra.4.155-56.
    -रथः 1 a great chariot.
    -2 a great warrior or hero; द्रुपदश्च महारथः Bg.1.4; कुतः प्रभावो धनंजयस्य महारथजयद्रथस्य विपत्तिमुत्पादयितुम् Ve.2; दशरथः प्रशशास महारथः R.9.1; Śi.3.22; (a महारथ is thus defined:-- एको दशसहस्राणि योधयेद्यस्तु धन्विनाम् ॥ शस्त्रशास्त्र- प्रवीणश्च विज्ञेयः स महारथः ॥).
    -3 desire, longing; cf. मनोरथ.
    -रवः a frog.
    -रस a. very savoury.
    (-सः) 1 a sugar- cane.
    -2 quicksilver.
    -3 a precious mineral.
    -4 the fruit of the date tree.
    -5 any one of the eight substan- ces given below:-- दरदः पारदं शस्ये वैक्रान्तं कान्तमभ्रकम् । माक्षिकं विमलश्चेति स्युरेते$ष्टौ महारसाः ॥ (
    -सम्) sour ricewater.
    -राजः 1 a great king, sovereign or supreme ruler; पञ्चाशल्लक्षपर्यन्तो महाराजः प्रकीर्तितः Śukra.1.184.
    -2 a respect- ful mode of addressing kings or other great personages (my lord, your majesty, your highness); इति सत्यं महाराज बद्धो$स्म्यर्थेन कौरवैः Mb.
    -3 a deified Jaina teacher.
    -4 a fingernail. ˚अधिराजः a universal emperor, para- mount sovereign. ˚चूतः a kind of mango tree.
    -राजिकः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -राजिकाः (m. pl.) an epithet of a class of gods (said to be 22 or 236 in number.).
    -राज्यम् the rank or title of a reigning sovereign.
    -राज्ञी 1 the reigning or chief queen, principal wife of a king.
    -2 N. of Durgā.
    -रात्रम् midnight, dead of night.
    -रात्रिः, -त्री f.
    1 see महाप्रलय; ब्रह्मणश्च निपाते च महाकल्पो भवेन्नृप । प्रकीर्तिता महारात्रिः.
    -2 midnight.
    -3 the eighth night in the bright half of Āśvina.
    -राष्ट्रः 'the great kingdom', N. of a country in the west of India, the country of the Marāṭhās.
    -2 the people of Mahārāṣṭra; the Marāṭhās (pl.). (
    -ष्ट्री) N. of the principal Prākṛita; dialect, the language of the people of the Mahārāṣṭra; cf. Daṇḍin:-- महाराष्ट्राश्रयां भाषां प्रकृष्टं प्राकृतं विदुः Kāv.1.34.
    -रिष्टः a kind of Nimba tree growing on mountains.
    -रुज्, -ज a. very painful.
    -रुद्रः a form of Śiva.
    -रुरुः a species of antelope.
    -रूप a. mighty in form.
    (-पः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 resin.
    -रूपकम् a kind of drama.
    -रेतस् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -रोगः a dangerous illness, grievous malady; (these are eight:-- उन्मादो राजयक्ष्मा च श्वासस्त्वग्दोष एव च । मधुमेहश्चाश्मरी च तथो- दरभगन्दरौ ॥).
    -रौद्र a. very dreadful. (
    -द्री) an epithet of Durgā.
    -रौरवः N. of one of the 21 hells; Ms.4.88-9.
    -लक्ष्मी 1 the great Lakṣmī, or Śakti of Nārāyaṇa; सेवे सैरिभमर्दिनीमिह महालक्ष्मीं सरोजस्थिताम्.
    -2 a young girl who represents the goddess Durgā at the Durgā festival.
    -लयः 1 a great world destruction.
    -2 the Supreme Being (महदादीनां लयो यस्मिन्).
    -लिङ्गम् the great Liṅga or Phallus. (
    -ङ्गः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -लोलः a crow.
    -लोहम् a magnet.
    -वंशः N. of a wellknown work in Pali (of the 5th century).
    -वक्षस् m. epithet of Śiva.
    -वनम् a large forest in Vṛindāvana.
    -वरा Dūrvā grass.
    -वराहः 'the great boar', an epithet of Viṣṇu in his third or boar incarnation.
    -वर्तनम् high wages;
    -वल्ली 1 the Mādhavī creeper.
    -2 a large creeping plant.
    -वसः the porpoise.
    -वसुः silver; Gīrvāṇa.
    -वाक्यम् 1 a long sentence.
    -2 any continuous composition or literary work.
    -3 a great proposition, principal sentence; such as तत्त्वमसि, ब्रह्मैवेदं सर्वम् &c.
    -4 a complete sentence (opp. अवान्तरवाक्य q. v.); न च महावाक्ये सति अवान्तरवाक्यं प्रमाणं भवति ŚB. on MS.6.4.25.
    -वातः a stormy wind, violent wind; महावाता<?>तैर्महिषकुलनीलैर्जलधरैः Mk.5.22.
    -वादिन् m. a great or powerful disputant.
    -वायुः 1 air (as an element).
    -2 stormy wind, hur- ricane, tempest.
    -वार्तिकम् N. of the Vārtikas of Kātyāyana on Pāṇini's Sūtras.
    -विडम् a kind of factitious salt.
    -विदेहा N. of a certain वृत्ति or condition of the mind in the Yoga system of philosophy.
    -विद्या the great lores; काली तारा महाविद्या षोडशी भुवनेश्वरी । भैरवी छिन्नमस्ता च विद्या धूमवती तथा । बगला सिद्धविद्या च मातङ्गी कमला- त्मिका । एता दश महाविद्याः... ॥
    -विपुला a kind of metre.
    -विभाषा a rule giving a general option or alternative; इति महाविभाषया साधुः.
    -विभूतिः an epithet of Śiva.
    -विषः a serpent having two mouths.
    -विषुवम् the vernal equinox. ˚संक्रान्तिः f. the vernal equinox (the sun's entering the sign Aries).
    -विस्तर a. very extensive or copious.
    -वीचिः N. of a hell.
    -वीरः 1 a great hero or warrior.
    -2 a lion.
    -3 the thunderbolt of Indra.
    -4 an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -5 of Garuḍa.
    -6 of Hanumat.
    -7 a cuckoo.
    -8 a white horse.
    -9 a sacrificial fire.
    -1 a sacrificial vessel.
    -11 a kind of hawk. ˚चरितम् N. of a celebrated drama by Bhavabhūti.
    -वीर्य a. of great valour, very powerful.
    (-र्यः) 1 N. of Brah- man.
    -2 the Supreme Being. (
    -र्या) the wild cotton shrub.
    -2 an epithet of संज्ञा, the wife of the sun.
    -वृषः a great bull.
    -वेग a.
    1 very swift or fleet.
    (-गः) 1 great speed, excessive velocity.
    -2 an ape.
    -3 the bird Garuḍa.
    -वेघः a particular position of hands or feet (in the practice of Yoga).
    -वेल a. billowy.
    -व्याधिः f.
    1 a great disease.
    -2 a very bad kind of leprosy (black leprosy).
    -व्याहृतिः f. a great mystical word, i. e. भूर्, भुवस् and स्वर्.
    -व्रत a. very devotional, rigidly observing vows.
    (-तम्) 1 a great vow, a great reli- gious observance; a vow for not taking even water for a month; महाव्रतं चरेद्यस्तु Mb.12.35.22 (com. महाव्रतं मासमात्रं जलस्यापि त्यागः).
    -2 any great or funda- mental duty; प्राणैरपि हिता वृत्तिरद्रोहो व्याजवर्जनम् । आत्मनीव प्रियाधानमेतन्मैत्रीमहाव्रतम् Mv.5.59; क्रतौ महाव्रते पश्यन् ब्रह्मचारी- त्वरीरतम् N.17.23.
    -व्रतिन् m.
    1 a devotee, an ascetic.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -शक्तिः 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 of Kārtikeya.
    -शङ्कुः the sine of the sun's eleva- tion.
    -शङ्खः 1 a great conch-shell; पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं Bg.1.15; महाशङ्खमयी माला ताराविद्याजपे प्रिया Tantra.
    -2 the temporal bone, forehead.
    -3 a human bone.
    -4 a particular high number.
    -5 one of Kubera's treasures.
    -शठः a kind of thorn-apple.
    -शब्द a. making a loud sound, very noisy, boisterous.
    -शल्कः a kind of sea- crab or prawn; Ms.3.272.
    -शालः a great householder.
    -शालिः a kind of large and sweetsmelling rice.
    -शाल्वणम् ('great fomentation') N. of a remedy; Suśr.
    -शासन a.
    1 exercising great power.
    -2 whose commands are great; त्रैलोक्यघिपतित्वमेव विरसं यस्मिन् महा- शासने Bh.3.8.
    (-नम्) 1 the knowledge of Brahma as expounded in the Upaniṣadas.
    -2 great order of government.
    -शिरस् m. a kind of serpent.
    -शिवरात्रिः N. of a festival on the 14th day of the dark half of Māgha,
    -शुक्तिः f. a pearl-shell.
    -शुक्ला an epithet of Sarasvatī.
    -शुभ्रम् silver.
    -शूद्रः (-द्री f.)
    1 a Sūdra in a high position.
    -2 a cowherd.
    -3 an upper servant. (
    -द्री) a female cow-keeper. (
    -द्रा) a Śudra woman in a high position.
    -शून्यम् a particular mental condi- tion of a Yogin.
    -शृङ्गः 1 a species of stag.
    -2 the शरभ animal.
    -श्मशानम् an epithet of Benares.
    -श्यामा the Sissoo tree. (Mar. शिसवी).
    -श्रमणः 1 an epithet of Buddha.
    -2 a Jain monk.
    -श्लक्ष्णा sand.
    -श्वासः a kind of asthma.
    -श्वेता 1 an epithet of Sarasvatī.
    -2 of Durgā.
    -3 white sugar.
    -संहिता great combi- nation.
    -संक्रान्तिः f. the winter solstice.
    -सती a very chaste woman.
    -सत्ता absolute existence.
    -सत्यः an epithet of Yama.
    -सत्त्व a.
    1 noble.
    -2 very strong or powerful.
    -3 just, righteous.
    (-त्त्वः) 1 a large animal.
    -2 N. of Sākyamuni.
    -3 an epithet of Kubera.
    -संधिविग्रहः the office of the minister of peace and war.
    -सन्नः an epithet of Kubera.
    -सन्निः m. (in music) a kind of measure.
    -समुद्रः the great ocean.
    -सर्गः a great or completely new creation (after a complete destruction of the world).
    -सर्जः the bread- fruit or jack-tree.
    -साधनभागः a great executive officer.
    -सांतपनः a kind of very rigid penance; see Ms.11. 218.
    -सांधिविग्रहिकः a minister of peace and war.
    -सामन्तः a great vassal.
    -सामान्यम् the widest genera- lity.
    -सारः a kind of Khadira tree.
    -सारथिः an epithet of Aruṇa.
    -साहसम् great violence or outrage, great audacity.
    -साहसिकः a dacoit, highwayman, a daring robber.
    -सिंहः the fabulous animal called Śarabha.
    -सिद्धिः f. a kind of magical power.
    -सुखम् 1 great pleasure.
    -2 copulation. (
    -खः) a Buddha.
    -सुगन्धम् a fragrant unguent.
    -सुगन्धिः a kind of antidote.
    -सुधा silver; Gīrvāṇa.
    -सुभिक्षम् good times.
    -सूक्तः the composer of the great Sūktas or hymns of the 1th Maṇḍala of the Ṛigveda.
    -सूक्ष्मा sand.
    -सूतः a mili- tary drum.
    -सेनः 1 an epithet of Kārtikeya; महासेन- प्रसूतिं तद्ययौ शरवणं महत् Rām.7.16.1.
    -2 the commander of a large army. (
    -ना) a great army.
    -स्कन्धः a camel.
    -स्थली the earth.
    -स्थानम् a great position.
    -स्नेहः a combination of the 4 kinds of fat.
    -स्मृतिः the Ṣaḍaṅgas and Smṛitis; महास्मृतिं पठेद्यस्तु तथैवानुस्मृतिं शुभाम् Mb.12.2.3.
    -स्रोतस् n. the bowels.
    -स्रग्विन् m. an epithet of Śiva.
    -स्वनः a kind of drum.
    -हंसः an epithet of Viṣṇu.
    -हविस् n. clarified butter.
    -हस्तः an epithet of Śiva.
    -हासः a loud or boisterous laughter, cachinnation.
    -हिमवत् m. N. of a mountain.
    -ह्रस्वा N. of a plant (Mar. कुहिली).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > महा _mahā

  • 3 vida

    f.
    1 life (existencia).
    en vida de during the life o lifetime of
    estar con vida to be alive
    perder la vida to lose one's life
    quitar la vida a alguien to kill somebody
    ¿qué es de tu vida? how's life?
    vida amorosa love life
    vida campestre country life
    la vida estudiantil student life
    vida eterna eternal life
    vida de familia family life
    vida laboral working life
    vida matrimonial married life
    vida privada private life
    vida sana clean living
    vida sentimental love life
    vida sexual sex life
    vida social social life
    vida útil shelf life
    2 life span, life span of person, duration.
    3 livelihood, subsistence.
    4 cost of living.
    5 Vida.
    * * *
    1 (gen) life
    2 (viveza) liveliness
    3 (tiempo) lifetime, life
    4 (modo de vivir) life, way of life
    5 (medios) living, livelihood
    \
    amargarle la vida a alguien to make somebody's life a misery
    ¡así es la vida! such is life!, that's life!
    cambiar de vida to change one's life style
    como si le fuera la vida en ello as if his life depended on it
    costarle algo la vida a alguien to pay with one's life
    dar la vida por to give one's life for, give one's right arm for
    dar vida a (parir) to give birth to 2 (realizar) to bring to life
    darse la gran vida / pegarse la gran vida / darse la vida padre familiar to live it up
    debatirse entre la vida y la muerte to fight for one's life
    de por vida for life
    de toda la vida lifelong
    echarse a la vida familiar to go on the game, become a prostitute
    en la flor de la vida in the prime of life
    en mi (tu, su, etc) vida never in my (your, his, etc) life
    en vida de during the life of
    escapar con vida / salir con vida to come out alive, survive
    estar con vida / estar sin vida to be alive / be dead
    ¡esto es vida! / ¡esto sí que es vida! this is the life!
    ganarse la vida to earn one's living
    hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make life impossible for somebody
    llevar una vida agitada / llevar una vida tranquila to lead a busy life / lead a quiet life
    pagar alguien con su vida to pay with one's life
    ¿qué es de tu vida? how are things?
    quitarle la vida a alguien to take somebody's life
    ¡vida mía! / ¡mi vida! my love!, darling!
    la otra vida the next life
    señales de vida signs of life
    vida de perros dog's life
    vida familiar family life
    vida íntima private life
    vida sentimental love life
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) life
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=existencia) life

    está escribiendo la vida de Quevedo — he is writing the life o a life o a biography of Quevedo

    ¿qué es de tu vida? — what's new?, how's life?

    • con vida — alive

    escapar o salir con vida — to escape o come out alive

    •en vida de, en vida de mi marido — when my husband was alive, during my husband's lifetime

    ¡en la o mi vida! — never (in all my life)!

    • vida o muerte, una operación a vida o muerte — a life-or-death operation

    • la otra vida — the next life

    • perder la vida — to lose one's life

    • de por vida — for life

    • quitar la vida a algn — to take sb's life

    • quitarse la vida — to take one's own life

    • rehacer la vida — to start a new life

    • sin vida — lifeless

    un cuerpo sin vida — a (dead) body, a corpse

    • toda la vida, un amigo de toda la vida — a lifelong friend

    esperanza
    2) (=forma de vivir) life

    • la vida airada — (=modo de vida) the criminal life; (=hampa) the underworld

    de vida airada — loose-living, immoral

    • mujer de vida alegre — loose woman

    • la vida cotidiana — everyday life

    • doble vida — double life

    llevar una doble vida — to lead o live a double life

    • hacer vida marital — to live together (as man and wife)

    • mala vida, echarse a la mala vida — to go astray

    vida de perros, vida perra — dog's life, wretched life

    3) (=sustento)

    • coste de la vida — cost of living

    • ganarse la vida — to earn o make one's living

    se gana la vida haciendo traducciones — he earns o makes his living doing translations

    • nivel de vida — standard of living

    buscar 3.
    4) [de objeto]

    vida útil — (Com) lifespan; (Téc) useful life

    5)
    - ¡por vida del chápiro verde!

    contar la vida —

    ¡no me cuentes tu vida! — I don't want your life story!

    costarle la vida a algn —

    dar vida a algn —

    - hacer por la vida

    pasarse la vida —

    pasar la vida a tragos — *to have a miserable life

    - tener siete vidas como los gatos
    vivir 2., 1)
    6) (=vitalidad)

    lleno de vida — [ojos] lively; [persona] full of life

    • dar vida a, la música le da vida a estas imágenes — the music brings these images to life

    ¡vida!, ¡vida mía! — my love!, my darling!

    8) euf
    (=prostitución)
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Biol) life

    140 personas perdieron la vida — (period) 140 people lost their lives (journ)

    eso le costó la vida — (period) that cost him his life

    dieron la vida por la patria — they gave o sacrificed their lives for their country

    b) (viveza, vitalidad) life

    le falta vida — it's/she's/he's not very lively

    en la/mi vida: en la or en mi vida he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it in my life!; en la or mi vida haría una cosa así! I'd never dream of doing something like that!; hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make somebody's life impossible; tener siete vidas — to have nine lives

    3)
    a) (manera de vivir, actividades) life

    ¿qué es de tu vida? — what have you been up to?

    hace or vive su vida — he gets on with o lives his own life

    (así) es la vida! — that's life, such is life

    estar/quedar loco de la vida — (CS fam) to be over the moon (colloq)

    la vida y milagros de alguien — (CS fam) somebody's life story

    pasar a mejor vida — (hum) persona to kick the bucket (colloq); traje/botas to bite the dust (colloq)

    c) ( biografía) life

    buscarse la vida — (fam) to make a living

    5) ( como apelativo) darling
    * * *
    = life [lives, -pl.], life story, lifeblood, lifetime [life time], living, life's work, lifework, life and limb.
    Ex. We are comfortable with the things we know and can do because they give us a sense of control over our lives.
    Ex. This study attempts to illustrate and illuminate the life story of a remarkable pioneering woman, Tryn Ras, using pictorial sources.
    Ex. Since libraries are the lifeblood of research, it seems only fitting then that the education of librarians should include familiarity with research methodology.
    Ex. Bibliography and Library science reflect the changes that took place in Bliss's lifetime.
    Ex. They seem to regard literature as a secondary experience, more akin to being a peeping Tom, an impotent voyeur, rather than being one of the healthy, active people who get on with real living.
    Ex. Evelyn Bliss devoted his life's work to the study of classification and BC is the results of his efforts.
    Ex. This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.
    Ex. This is a special issue devoted partly to the theme: Life and limb: issues of security and safety.
    ----
    * abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.
    * acabar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * acortar + Posesivo + vida = cut + Posesivo + life short.
    * actitud ante la vida = approach to life.
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * agotar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.
    * ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.
    * alargar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.
    * alegrar la vida a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + life.
    * al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * amante de la vida al aire libre = outdoor enthusiast.
    * apostarse la vida = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida = lifelong learning.
    * aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.
    * arreglar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + (own) house in order.
    * arriesgar la vida = risk + life and limb, play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life.
    * arriesgar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + life on the line.
    * aspectos de la vida = sphere of life.
    * atentar contra la vida de Alguien = attempt on + Posesivo + life.
    * atraído por la promesa de una vida mejor = drawn by the promise of a better life.
    * aunque me fuera la vida ene ello = for the life of me.
    * autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.
    * buena vida = good life.
    * calidad de vida = quality of life.
    * cambiar la vida = change + life.
    * cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * ciencias de la vida = biosciences.
    * ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.
    * ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.
    * circunstancias de la vida = accident of birth.
    * cobrarse la vida de Alguien = claim + life.
    * cobrarse muchas vidas = take + a heavy toll of life.
    * cobrar vida = come + alive, come to + life.
    * comenzar una nueva vida = make + a new life for + Reflexivo.
    * como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * como forma de vida = as a way of life.
    * como si + Pronombre + fuese la vida en ello = like there's no tomorrow.
    * compañero de vida = lifemate.
    * compañía aseguradora de vida = life-insurance company.
    * compañía de seguros de vida = life-insurance company.
    * complicarse la vida = ask for + trouble.
    * condicionar la vida = condition + life.
    * condiciones de vida = living conditions.
    * conocer vida = see + the world.
    * contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.
    * costar la vida = cost + life.
    * coste de la vida = cost of living.
    * coste de vidas humanas = human cost.
    * crearse una vida = build + life.
    * crucial para la vida de una persona = lifesaving.
    * cuerpo sin vida = dead body.
    * cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.
    * culto a la vida = cult of life.
    * dar la vida = lay down + Posesivo + life, give + Posesivo + life.
    * dar nueva vida = give + Nombre + new life, give + a second life.
    * dar + Posesivo + vida = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.
    * dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.
    * dar señales de vida = show + signs of life.
    * dar una segunda vida = give + a second life.
    * dar vida = imbue with + life, animate, bring to + life.
    * dar vida a = jazz up, brighten up, give + life to.
    * dar vida a Algo = bring + Nombre + to life.
    * dedicar la vida a = devote + life to.
    * dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.
    * defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.
    * de la vida real = real-life.
    * de por vida = lifelong [life-long], lifetime [life-time].
    * derecho a la vida = right to live.
    * desquiciar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.
    * de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * de vida enclaustrada = cloistered.
    * de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.
    * devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.
    * devolver la vida = bring + Nombre + back to life.
    * disfrutar de la vida = sail through + life.
    * diversidad de la vida = biodiversity, diversity of life, life-form diversity.
    * durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.
    * durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.
    * el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.
    * empezar una nueva etapa en la vida = turn over + a new page, turn over + a new leaf.
    * encarcelar de por vida = jail for + life.
    * en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.
    * enfrentarse a la vida = cope with + life, face + life, cope.
    * en la vida real = in real life.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en + Posesivo + vida = in + Posesivo + time.
    * enriquecer la vida de Alguien = enrich + Posesivo + life.
    * entregar + Posesivo + vida, = give + Posesivo + all.
    * equipo de mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life-support system.
    * esperanza de vida = life expectancy, lifespan [life span].
    * estilo de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style], style of life, way of life.
    * estilo de vida alternativo = alternative life-style.
    * etapa de la vida = life stage.
    * expectativas de vida = life expectancy.
    * experiencia de la vida = experience of life.
    * facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * filosofía de vida = philosophy of life.
    * forma de vida = way of life.
    * ganarse la vida = earn + a living, make + a living, earn + income, earn + Posesivo + living, make + Posesivo + living, Verbo + for a living.
    * ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * habilidades necesarias para la vida cotidiana = life skills.
    * hábitos de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * hacer frente a la vida = cope.
    * hacer la vida imposible = make + life hell.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * hacer que la vida sea un infierno = make + life hell.
    * hacerse un hueco en la vida = get on in + life.
    * hacer vida social = socialise [socialize, -USA].
    * historia de vida = life history.
    * índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.
    * índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.
    * infundir nueva vida a = breathe + (new) life into.
    * inmiscuirse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.
    * jugarse la vida = play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb, bet + Posesivo + life.
    * la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.
    * la vida continúa = the show must go on.
    * la vida + continuar = life + go on.
    * la vida es así = life's like that.
    * ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.
    * la vida + seguir = life + go on.
    * ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.
    * lienzo de la vida, el = canvas of life, the.
    * línea de vida = lifeline.
    * lisiado de por vida = lamed for life.
    * lisiar a Alguien de por vida = lame + Nombre + for life.
    * llegar al final de su vida útil = come to + the end of + Posesivo + useful life, reach + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * lleno de vida = vibrant, feisty [feistier -comp., feistiest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], spirited, teeming with life, vivacious, ebullient, saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.].
    * llevar una vida + Ajetivo = lead + an + Adjetivo + existence.
    * llevar una vida arriesgada = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.
    * llevar una vida de perros = lead + a dog's life.
    * llevar una vida miserable = live + wretched existence.
    * mantener la vida = sustain + life.
    * mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life support.
    * mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + vida = improve + Posesivo + life.
    * meterse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.
    * mientras hay vida hay esperanza = where there's life there's hope.
    * modo de vida = way of life.
    * modo de vida tradicional = folklife.
    * muerto en vida = living dead.
    * nada en la vida es gratuito = you cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.
    * nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.
    * no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.
    * nueva vida = greener pastures, pastures new.
    * oportunidad única en la vida = chance of a lifetime.
    * otra vida, la = afterlife [after-life].
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.
    * pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.
    * perder la vida = lose + Posesivo + life.
    * pérdida de vidas = loss of life, toll on life.
    * perdonar la vida = spare + life.
    * permanecer con vida = stay + alive.
    * pletórico de vida = teeming with life.
    * poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.
    * poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * posteriormente en + Posesivo + vida = in later life.
    * problemas de la vida = life problems [life-problems].
    * prolongar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.
    * prolongar la vida útil = extend + the useful life, prolong + useful life, increase + useful life.
    * que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.
    * que da vida = life-giving.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * quitarse la vida = take + Posesivo + (own) life.
    * rebosante de vida y energía = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.
    * reconstruir + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.
    * reformar + Posesivo + vida = reform + Posesivo + life.
    * régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * rehacer + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.
    * salir adelante en la vida, = get on in + life.
    * salvar la vida = save + life.
    * salvar la vida de milagro = have + a close shave with death.
    * secreto de la vida, el = secret of life, the.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * seguro de vida = life insurance.
    * seguro de vida a término = term life insurance.
    * seguro de vida vitalicio = whole life insurance.
    * sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.
    * sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.
    * ser todo vida = be all life.
    * situaciones de la vida = life situations [life-situations].
    * soplo de vida = kiss of life.
    * tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.
    * tener una vida larga y próspera = live + long and prosper.
    * toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.
    * toda una vida = a lifetime.
    * toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * triunfar en la vida = succeed in + life.
    * truncar + Posesivo + vida = snip + Posesivo + life short, cut + Posesivo + life short.
    * una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.
    * una oportunidad única en la vida = once in a lifetime opportunity.
    * una vez en la vida = once in a lifetime.
    * una vez en + Posesivo + vida = once in + Posesivo + lifetime.
    * ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.
    * vida acuática = aquatic life.
    * vida afectiva = love life.
    * vida amorosa = love life.
    * vida animal = animal life.
    * vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.
    * vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * vida cívica = civic life.
    * vida civil = civic life.
    * vida como trabajador = working life.
    * vida corporativa = corporate life.
    * vida cotidiana = daily life, everyday living, daily living.
    * vida cotidiana, la = day to day life, the, everyday life.
    * vida cultural = cultural life.
    * vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * vida + dar un vuelco = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.
    * vida de archivo = archival life.
    * vida de, la = life nerve of, the.
    * vida de la ciudad = urban life, city life.
    * vida de la comunidad = community life.
    * vida del mundo literario = literary life.
    * vida de perros = a dog's life.
    * vida desenfrenada = life in the fast lane.
    * vida desequilibrada = unbalanced life, imbalanced life.
    * vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].
    * vida diaria = daily life.
    * vida diaria, la = everyday life.
    * vida dilatada = long life.
    * vida disoluta = life in the fast lane, loose life.
    * vida doméstica = domestic life, home life.
    * vida emocional = emotional life.
    * vida en el campo = rural life.
    * vida en el entorno familiar = family life.
    * vida en el hogar = home life.
    * vida en el trabajo = job life.
    * vida entera, la = whole lifelong, whole life.
    * vida equilibrada = balanced life.
    * vida espiritual = spiritual life.
    * vida + expirar = life + expire.
    * vida extraterrestre = alien life.
    * vida fácil = fast living.
    * vida familiar = family life.
    * vida futura = future life.
    * vida humana = human life.
    * vida laboral = working life.
    * vida literaria = literary life.
    * vida marítima = seafaring.
    * vida media = half-life.
    * vida mejor = better life.
    * vida moderna, la = modern life.
    * vida nocturna = nightlife, night life.
    * vida or muerte = life or death.
    * vida pasada = previous life.
    * vida + pender + de un hilo = live on + the line.
    * vida personal = personal life.
    * vida privada = private life.
    * vida profesional = professional life.
    * vida pública = public life.
    * vida real = real life.
    * vida rural = rural life.
    * vida salvaje = wildlife.
    * vida sana = healthy life.
    * vida sentimental = love life.
    * vida sexual = sex life.
    * vida social = social life.
    * vida urbana = city life, urban life.
    * vida útil = lifetime [life time], life expectancy, lifespan [life span], useful life, shelf life, service life.
    * vida útil de un documento = shelf life.
    * vida vegetal = plant life.
    * vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.
    * volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.
    * vuelta a la vida = resuscitation, resurrection.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Biol) life

    140 personas perdieron la vida — (period) 140 people lost their lives (journ)

    eso le costó la vida — (period) that cost him his life

    dieron la vida por la patria — they gave o sacrificed their lives for their country

    b) (viveza, vitalidad) life

    le falta vida — it's/she's/he's not very lively

    en la/mi vida: en la or en mi vida he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it in my life!; en la or mi vida haría una cosa así! I'd never dream of doing something like that!; hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make somebody's life impossible; tener siete vidas — to have nine lives

    3)
    a) (manera de vivir, actividades) life

    ¿qué es de tu vida? — what have you been up to?

    hace or vive su vida — he gets on with o lives his own life

    (así) es la vida! — that's life, such is life

    estar/quedar loco de la vida — (CS fam) to be over the moon (colloq)

    la vida y milagros de alguien — (CS fam) somebody's life story

    pasar a mejor vida — (hum) persona to kick the bucket (colloq); traje/botas to bite the dust (colloq)

    c) ( biografía) life

    buscarse la vida — (fam) to make a living

    5) ( como apelativo) darling
    * * *
    = life [lives, -pl.], life story, lifeblood, lifetime [life time], living, life's work, lifework, life and limb.

    Ex: We are comfortable with the things we know and can do because they give us a sense of control over our lives.

    Ex: This study attempts to illustrate and illuminate the life story of a remarkable pioneering woman, Tryn Ras, using pictorial sources.
    Ex: Since libraries are the lifeblood of research, it seems only fitting then that the education of librarians should include familiarity with research methodology.
    Ex: Bibliography and Library science reflect the changes that took place in Bliss's lifetime.
    Ex: They seem to regard literature as a secondary experience, more akin to being a peeping Tom, an impotent voyeur, rather than being one of the healthy, active people who get on with real living.
    Ex: Evelyn Bliss devoted his life's work to the study of classification and BC is the results of his efforts.
    Ex: This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.
    Ex: This is a special issue devoted partly to the theme: Life and limb: issues of security and safety.
    * abrirse camino en la vida = get on in + life.
    * acabar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * acortar + Posesivo + vida = cut + Posesivo + life short.
    * actitud ante la vida = approach to life.
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * agotar + Posesivo + vida útil = run towards + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * ahorros de toda la vida = life-time savings, life savings.
    * ahorros de toda una vida = life savings.
    * alargar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.
    * alegrar la vida a Alguien = brighten up + Posesivo + life.
    * al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * amante de la vida al aire libre = outdoor enthusiast.
    * apostarse la vida = bet + Posesivo + life.
    * aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida = lifelong learning.
    * aprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong education.
    * arreglar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + (own) house in order.
    * arriesgar la vida = risk + life and limb, play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life.
    * arriesgar + Posesivo + vida = put + Posesivo + life on the line.
    * aspectos de la vida = sphere of life.
    * atentar contra la vida de Alguien = attempt on + Posesivo + life.
    * atraído por la promesa de una vida mejor = drawn by the promise of a better life.
    * aunque me fuera la vida ene ello = for the life of me.
    * autoaprendizaje durante toda la vida = lifelong learning.
    * buena vida = good life.
    * calidad de vida = quality of life.
    * cambiar la vida = change + life.
    * cambiar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * ciencias de la vida = biosciences.
    * ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.
    * ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.
    * circunstancias de la vida = accident of birth.
    * cobrarse la vida de Alguien = claim + life.
    * cobrarse muchas vidas = take + a heavy toll of life.
    * cobrar vida = come + alive, come to + life.
    * comenzar una nueva vida = make + a new life for + Reflexivo.
    * como con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.
    * como forma de vida = as a way of life.
    * como si + Pronombre + fuese la vida en ello = like there's no tomorrow.
    * compañero de vida = lifemate.
    * compañía aseguradora de vida = life-insurance company.
    * compañía de seguros de vida = life-insurance company.
    * complicarse la vida = ask for + trouble.
    * condicionar la vida = condition + life.
    * condiciones de vida = living conditions.
    * conocer vida = see + the world.
    * contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.
    * costar la vida = cost + life.
    * coste de la vida = cost of living.
    * coste de vidas humanas = human cost.
    * crearse una vida = build + life.
    * crucial para la vida de una persona = lifesaving.
    * cuerpo sin vida = dead body.
    * cuestión de vida o muerte = life or death issue.
    * culto a la vida = cult of life.
    * dar la vida = lay down + Posesivo + life, give + Posesivo + life.
    * dar nueva vida = give + Nombre + new life, give + a second life.
    * dar + Posesivo + vida = give + Posesivo + all.
    * dar sentido a la vida = give + meaning to life.
    * dar sentido a + Posesivo + vida = make + sense of + Posesivo + life.
    * dar señales de vida = show + signs of life.
    * dar una segunda vida = give + a second life.
    * dar vida = imbue with + life, animate, bring to + life.
    * dar vida a = jazz up, brighten up, give + life to.
    * dar vida a Algo = bring + Nombre + to life.
    * dedicar la vida a = devote + life to.
    * dedicar toda una vida = spend + lifetime.
    * defensor de la vida humana = pro-lifer.
    * de la vida real = real-life.
    * de por vida = lifelong [life-long], lifetime [life-time].
    * derecho a la vida = right to live.
    * desquiciar + Posesivo + vida = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.
    * de toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * de vida enclaustrada = cloistered.
    * de vida o muerte = lifesaving, life threatening.
    * devolver el sentido a la vida = put + meaning + back in + Posesivo + life.
    * devolver la vida = bring + Nombre + back to life.
    * disfrutar de la vida = sail through + life.
    * diversidad de la vida = biodiversity, diversity of life, life-form diversity.
    * durante toda la vida = lifelong [life-long].
    * durante toda una vida = over a lifetime.
    * durar toda una vida = go on + for a lifetime, last + (for) a lifetime.
    * el amor de + Posesivo + vida = the love of + Posesivo + life.
    * empezar una nueva etapa en la vida = turn over + a new page, turn over + a new leaf.
    * encarcelar de por vida = jail for + life.
    * en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.
    * enfrentarse a la vida = cope with + life, face + life, cope.
    * en la vida real = in real life.
    * en los primeros años de vida = early in life.
    * en + Posesivo + vida = in + Posesivo + time.
    * enriquecer la vida de Alguien = enrich + Posesivo + life.
    * entregar + Posesivo + vida, = give + Posesivo + all.
    * equipo de mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life-support system.
    * esperanza de vida = life expectancy, lifespan [life span].
    * estilo de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style], style of life, way of life.
    * estilo de vida alternativo = alternative life-style.
    * etapa de la vida = life stage.
    * expectativas de vida = life expectancy.
    * experiencia de la vida = experience of life.
    * facilitarle la vida a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * filosofía de vida = philosophy of life.
    * forma de vida = way of life.
    * ganarse la vida = earn + a living, make + a living, earn + income, earn + Posesivo + living, make + Posesivo + living, Verbo + for a living.
    * ganarse la vida a duras penas = eke out + a living, scratch (out) + a living, scrape + a living, eke out + an existence.
    * habilidades necesarias para la vida cotidiana = life skills.
    * hábitos de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * hacer frente a la vida = cope.
    * hacer la vida imposible = make + life hell.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * hacer que la vida sea un infierno = make + life hell.
    * hacerse un hueco en la vida = get on in + life.
    * hacer vida social = socialise [socialize, -USA].
    * historia de vida = life history.
    * índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.
    * índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.
    * infundir nueva vida a = breathe + (new) life into.
    * inmiscuirse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.
    * jugarse la vida = play + Russian roulette, risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb, bet + Posesivo + life.
    * la oportunidad de + Posesivo + vida = the opportunity of a lifetime.
    * la vida continúa = the show must go on.
    * la vida + continuar = life + go on.
    * la vida es así = life's like that.
    * ¡la vida no es un camino de rosas! = the course of true love never did run smooth!.
    * la vida + seguir = life + go on.
    * ley de vida = fact of life, laws of nature.
    * lienzo de la vida, el = canvas of life, the.
    * línea de vida = lifeline.
    * lisiado de por vida = lamed for life.
    * lisiar a Alguien de por vida = lame + Nombre + for life.
    * llegar al final de su vida útil = come to + the end of + Posesivo + useful life, reach + the end of + Posesivo + useful life.
    * lleno de vida = vibrant, feisty [feistier -comp., feistiest -sup.], spry [spryer comp., spryest -sup.], sprightly [sprightlier -comp., sprightliest -sup.], spirited, teeming with life, vivacious, ebullient, saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.].
    * llevar una vida + Ajetivo = lead + an + Adjetivo + existence.
    * llevar una vida arriesgada = live + dangerously, live + dangerously close to the edge.
    * llevar una vida de perros = lead + a dog's life.
    * llevar una vida miserable = live + wretched existence.
    * mantener la vida = sustain + life.
    * mantenimiento artificial de la vida = life support.
    * mejorar la calidad de vida = improve + living standards, raise + living standards.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + calidad de vida = raise + Posesivo + quality of living.
    * mejorar + Posesivo + vida = improve + Posesivo + life.
    * meterse en la vida de Alguien = intrude on + Posesivo + privacy.
    * mientras hay vida hay esperanza = where there's life there's hope.
    * modo de vida = way of life.
    * modo de vida tradicional = folklife.
    * muerto en vida = living dead.
    * nada en la vida es gratuito = you cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs.
    * nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.
    * no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.
    * nueva vida = greener pastures, pastures new.
    * oportunidad única en la vida = chance of a lifetime.
    * otra vida, la = afterlife [after-life].
    * para toda la vida = lifelong [life-long], for life.
    * pasar a mejor vida = bite + the dust, give up + the ghost.
    * pasar a vida mejor = lay + Nombre + low.
    * perder la vida = lose + Posesivo + life.
    * pérdida de vidas = loss of life, toll on life.
    * perdonar la vida = spare + life.
    * permanecer con vida = stay + alive.
    * pletórico de vida = teeming with life.
    * poner en peligro la vida = risk + Posesivo + life, risk + life and limb.
    * poner la vida en peligro = put + Posesivo + life at risk.
    * por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].
    * posteriormente en + Posesivo + vida = in later life.
    * problemas de la vida = life problems [life-problems].
    * prolongar la vida = prolong + life, prolong + longevity.
    * prolongar la vida útil = extend + the useful life, prolong + useful life, increase + useful life.
    * que cambia la vida = life-changing, life-altering.
    * que da vida = life-giving.
    * que mejora la calidad de vida = life-enhancing.
    * que pone la vida en peligro = life threatening.
    * quitarse la vida = take + Posesivo + (own) life.
    * rebosante de vida y energía = all bright-eyed and bushy-tailed.
    * reconstruir + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.
    * reformar + Posesivo + vida = reform + Posesivo + life.
    * régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * rehacer + Posesivo + vida = rebuild + Posesivo + life.
    * salir adelante en la vida, = get on in + life.
    * salvar la vida = save + life.
    * salvar la vida de milagro = have + a close shave with death.
    * secreto de la vida, el = secret of life, the.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * seguro de vida = life insurance.
    * seguro de vida a término = term life insurance.
    * seguro de vida vitalicio = whole life insurance.
    * sentido de la vida, el = meaning of life, the.
    * sentido de la vida y al muerte, el = meaning of life and death, the.
    * ser todo vida = be all life.
    * situaciones de la vida = life situations [life-situations].
    * soplo de vida = kiss of life.
    * tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.
    * tener una vida larga y próspera = live + long and prosper.
    * toda la vida = from the cradle to the grave, whole lifelong, whole life.
    * toda una vida = a lifetime.
    * toda una vida de experiencia = a lifetime of experience.
    * toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.
    * trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.
    * triunfar en la vida = succeed in + life.
    * truncar + Posesivo + vida = snip + Posesivo + life short, cut + Posesivo + life short.
    * una cuestión de vida o muerte = a matter of life and death.
    * una oportunidad única en la vida = once in a lifetime opportunity.
    * una vez en la vida = once in a lifetime.
    * una vez en + Posesivo + vida = once in + Posesivo + lifetime.
    * ver las cosas positivas de la vida = look on + the bright side of life.
    * vida acuática = aquatic life.
    * vida afectiva = love life.
    * vida amorosa = love life.
    * vida animal = animal life.
    * vida a toda pastilla = life in the fast lane.
    * vida + cambiar por completo = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * vida cívica = civic life.
    * vida civil = civic life.
    * vida como trabajador = working life.
    * vida corporativa = corporate life.
    * vida cotidiana = daily life, everyday living, daily living.
    * vida cotidiana, la = day to day life, the, everyday life.
    * vida cultural = cultural life.
    * vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * vida + dar un vuelco = turn + Posesivo + life upside down.
    * vida de archivo = archival life.
    * vida de, la = life nerve of, the.
    * vida de la ciudad = urban life, city life.
    * vida de la comunidad = community life.
    * vida del mundo literario = literary life.
    * vida de perros = a dog's life.
    * vida desenfrenada = life in the fast lane.
    * vida desequilibrada = unbalanced life, imbalanced life.
    * vida después de la muerte = afterlife [after-life].
    * vida diaria = daily life.
    * vida diaria, la = everyday life.
    * vida dilatada = long life.
    * vida disoluta = life in the fast lane, loose life.
    * vida doméstica = domestic life, home life.
    * vida emocional = emotional life.
    * vida en el campo = rural life.
    * vida en el entorno familiar = family life.
    * vida en el hogar = home life.
    * vida en el trabajo = job life.
    * vida entera, la = whole lifelong, whole life.
    * vida equilibrada = balanced life.
    * vida espiritual = spiritual life.
    * vida + expirar = life + expire.
    * vida extraterrestre = alien life.
    * vida fácil = fast living.
    * vida familiar = family life.
    * vida futura = future life.
    * vida humana = human life.
    * vida laboral = working life.
    * vida literaria = literary life.
    * vida marítima = seafaring.
    * vida media = half-life.
    * vida mejor = better life.
    * vida moderna, la = modern life.
    * vida nocturna = nightlife, night life.
    * vida or muerte = life or death.
    * vida pasada = previous life.
    * vida + pender + de un hilo = live on + the line.
    * vida personal = personal life.
    * vida privada = private life.
    * vida profesional = professional life.
    * vida pública = public life.
    * vida real = real life.
    * vida rural = rural life.
    * vida salvaje = wildlife.
    * vida sana = healthy life.
    * vida sentimental = love life.
    * vida sexual = sex life.
    * vida social = social life.
    * vida urbana = city life, urban life.
    * vida útil = lifetime [life time], life expectancy, lifespan [life span], useful life, shelf life, service life.
    * vida útil de un documento = shelf life.
    * vida vegetal = plant life.
    * vivir la vida al máximo = live + life to the full.
    * volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.
    * vuelta a la vida = resuscitation, resurrection.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Biol) life
    la vida marina marine life
    a los tres meses de vida at three months (old)
    el derecho a la vida the right to life
    no pudieron salvarle la vida they were unable to save his life
    era una cuestión de vida o muerte it was a matter of life and death
    se debate entre la vida y la muerte she's fighting for her life
    140 personas perdieron la vida en el accidente ( period); 140 people lost their lives in the accident ( journ)
    quitarse la vida to take one's (own) life ( frml)
    el accidente que le costó la vida ( period); the accident that cost him his life
    jugarse la vida to risk one's life
    se puso como si le fuera la vida en ello he behaved as if his life depended on it
    sólo tres personas lograron salir con vida only three people escaped alive, there were only three survivors
    encontraron su cuerpo sin vida junto al río ( period); his body was found by the river
    el cuerpo sin vida de su amada ( liter); the lifeless body of his beloved ( liter)
    dieron la vida por la patria they gave o sacrificed their lives for their country
    la mujer que te dio la vida the woman who brought you into this world
    el actor que da vida al personaje de Napoleón the actor who plays o portrays Napoleon
    con la vida en un hilo or pendiente de un hilo: estuvo un mes entero con la vida en un hilo his life hung by a thread for a whole month
    real como la vida misma true, true-life
    es una historia real como la vida misma it's a true o true-life story
    mientras hay vida hay esperanza where there is life there is hope
    2 (viveza, vitalidad) life
    es un niño sano, lleno de vida he's a healthy child, full of life
    la ciudad es bonita, pero le falta vida it's a nice city but it's not very lively o it doesn't have much life
    unas cortinas amarillas le darían vida a la habitación yellow curtains would liven up o brighten up the room
    se pasa la vida viendo la televisión he spends his life watching television
    toda una vida dedicada a la enseñanza a lifetime dedicated to teaching
    a lo largo de su vida throughout his life
    en vida de tu padre when your father was alive
    la corta vida del último gobierno the short life of the last government
    la relación tuvo una vida muy corta the relationship was very short-lived
    la vida de un coche/electrodoméstico the life-span of a car/an electrical appliance
    cuando encuentres al hombre de tu vida when you find the man of your dreams o your Mr Right
    es el amor de mi vida she's the love of my life
    amargarle la vida a algn to make sb's life a misery
    amargarse la vida to make oneself miserable
    complicarle la vida a algn to make sb's life difficult
    complicarse la vida to make life difficult for oneself
    de por vida for life
    de toda la vida loc adj/adv (desde siempre) lifelong
    se conocen de toda la vida they know each other from way back
    un programa/una medicina de toda la vida a run-of-the-mill program*/medicine
    un amigo/votante de toda la vida a lifelong friend/voter
    en la/mi vida: ¡en la or en mi vida he visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it in my life!
    ¡en la or mi vida haría una cosa así! I'd never dream of doing something like that!
    en mi perra vida lo he visto (CS fam); I've never seen him in my life
    enterrarse en vida to cut oneself off from the world
    hacerle la vida imposible a algn to make sb's life impossible
    C
    1 (manera de vivir, actividades) life
    lleva una vida muy ajetreada she leads a very busy life
    la medicina/pintura es toda su vida she lives for medicine/painting
    ¿qué tal? ¿qué es de tu vida? how are you? what have you been up to?
    déjalo que haga or viva su vida let him get on with o let him live his own life
    ¡esto sí que es vida! this is the life!
    ¡(así) es la vida! that's life, such is life
    la vida le sonríe fortune has smiled on her
    hacen vida de casados or marital they live together
    comparten la casa pero no hacen vida en común they share the house but they lead separate lives o they live separately
    ¡qué vida ésta! what a life!
    ¡qué vida más cruel! ( hum); it's a hard life! ( hum)
    darse or pegarse una or la gran vida to have an easy life ( colloq), to live the life of Riley ( colloq)
    estar encantado de la vida to be thrilled, to be thrilled to bits ( colloq), to be over the moon ( colloq)
    está encantada de la vida con el nuevo trabajo she's thrilled to bits o she's over the moon with her new job
    ¿podríamos hacer la fiesta en tu casa? — por mí, encantado de la vida could we have the party at your house? — I'd be delighted to o that's absolutely fine by me
    estar/quedar loco de la vida (CS fam); to be over the moon ( colloq), to be thrilled
    la vida y milagros or ( RPI) la vida, obra y misterios ( fam); life story
    se sabe la vida y milagros de todo el mundo he knows everybody's life story
    pasar a mejor vida ( hum) «persona» to kick the bucket ( colloq), to croak ( colloq);
    «vestido/zapatos» to bite the dust ( colloq)
    pegarse la vida padre ( fam); to have an easy life
    vida privada/militar private/military life
    su vida sentimental or amorosa his love life
    la vida y obra de Cervantes the life and works of Cervantes
    las vidas de los santos the lives of the saints
    Compuestos:
    ( euf):
    ser de vida alegre to be in the profession o the life ( AmE), to be on the game ( BrE colloq)
    life of contemplation
    ( fam); dog's life
    tuvo una vida de perros she led a dog's life
    ● vida eterna or perdurable
    la vida eterna or perdurable eternal o everlasting life
    nightlife
    social life
    no hacen mucha vida social they don't socialize much, they don't have much social life
    D
    (necesidades materiales): con ese dinero tiene la vida resuelta with that money she's set up for life
    la vida está carísima everything is so expensive, the cost of living is very high
    ganarse la vida to earn one's o a living
    buscarse la vida ( fam): me busco la vida como puedo one way or another I get by o I make a living
    ¡pues, ahora que se busque la vida! well, now he'll have to stand on his own two feet o get by on his own!
    ¡mi vida! or ¡vida mía! my darling!, darling!
    pero hija de mi vida ¿cómo se te ocurrió hacer eso? but my dear, what made you do that?
    * * *

     

    vida sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) (Biol) life;


    una cuestión de vida o muerte a matter of life and death;
    quitarse la vida to take one's (own) life (frml);
    salir con vida to escape alive
    b) (viveza, vitalidad) life;


    le falta vida it's/she's/he's not very lively
    2 ( extensión de tiempo, existencia) life;

    toda una vida a lifetime;
    la vida de un coche the life-span of a car;
    un amigo de toda la vida a lifelong friend;
    amargarle la vida a algn to make sb's life a misery;
    complicarse la vida to make life difficult for oneself;
    de por vida for life;
    hacerle la vida imposible a algn to make sb's life impossible
    3 (manera de vivir, actividades) life;

    ¿qué es de tu vida? what have you been up to?;
    hace or vive su vida he lives his own life;
    ¡esto sí que es vida! this is the life!;
    ¡(así) es la vida! that's life, such is life;
    vida privada private life;
    su vida sentimental his love life;
    una mujer de vida alegre a woman of easy virtue;
    ¡qué vida de perros! it's a dog's life;
    hacer vida social to socialize;
    estar encantado de la vida to be thrilled, to be over the moon (colloq)
    4 ( necesidades materiales):

    ganarse la vida to earn one's o a living;
    tiene la vida resuelta he's set up for life
    5 ( como apelativo) darling;
    ◊ ¡mi vida! (my) darling!

    vida sustantivo femenino
    1 (existencia) life: no hay vida en Marte, there is no life on Mars
    estar con vida, to be alive
    quitarse la vida, to take one's own life
    2 (periodo vital) life: toda la vida ha sido socialista, he's been a socialist all his life
    de corta vida, short-lived
    toda una vida, a lifetime
    3 (modo de vida) ¿cómo te va la vida?, how's life?
    la literatura es su vida, he lives for literature o literature is his life
    lleva una vida muy desordenada, she lives o leads a very chaotic life
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar ¡esto es vida!, this is the life (situación muy agradable, placentera) ¡esto es vida!, todo el día tumbado sin tener que trabajar, this is the life! lazing around all day without having to work
    fam (resolver un asunto, problema) buscarse la vida: no tengo dinero, - me da igual, ¡búscate la vida!, I haven't got any money, - I couldn't care less, go and sort your own problems out
    figurado Lit Cine Teat (representar un personaje) dar vida: en esa película el actor da vida a Napoleón, in that film the actor plays the part of Napoleon
    dar la vida, to sacrifice o give one's life
    ganarse la vida, to earn one's living
    fig fam (morir) pasar a mejor vida, to pass away
    (independencia) tener/vivir su (propia) vida alguien: ya no está con sus padres, tiene su propia vida, he isn't with his parents anymore, he's living his own life
    a vida o muerte, (situación de alto riesgo) le tuvieron que operar a vida o muerte, it was a life or death operation
    de mi/tu/su... vida: el amor de mi vida, the love of my life
    de por vida, for life
    de toda la vida, lifelong
    en la vida, never in one's life
    Rel la otra vida, the next life
    familiar vida de perros, dog's life
    fam (hechos y anécdotas de un personaje o persona) vida y milagros de alguien, the full details about sb
    ' vida' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agitada
    - agitado
    - amargarse
    - andar
    - atentar
    - comentar
    - complicarse
    - constante
    - contemplativa
    - contemplativo
    - convivencia
    - conyugal
    - cosa
    - crepúsculo
    - cruzarse
    - delante
    - descansada
    - descansado
    - desengañarse
    - desgraciada
    - desgraciado
    - encarrilar
    - episodio
    - ser
    - ermitaña
    - ermitaño
    - esperanza
    - flor
    - ir
    - ganarse
    - hipótesis
    - ilusión
    - indigna
    - indigno
    - inerte
    - intrepidez
    - jamás
    - juego
    - jugar
    - martirio
    - muerta
    - muerto
    - mujer
    - normalización
    - oportunidad
    - padecer
    - padre
    - pajolera
    - pajolero
    - pantalla
    English:
    abundance
    - account
    - active
    - afterlife
    - alive
    - amenities
    - assurance
    - attempt
    - bang up
    - battle
    - bread
    - breeding ground
    - bright
    - busy
    - carp
    - chapter
    - clean
    - conception
    - cost
    - cost of living
    - crossroads
    - dead
    - dear
    - dedicate
    - destroy
    - dodge
    - dog
    - domestic
    - earn
    - easy
    - eccentric
    - emigrate
    - existence
    - fascination
    - flat
    - give up
    - gracious
    - greed
    - greediness
    - hell
    - herself
    - high life
    - himself
    - hurdle
    - impossible
    - index-linked
    - insurance
    - lead
    - life
    - life expectancy
    * * *
    vida nf
    1. [estado fisiológico, hecho de existir] life;
    ¿hay vida en otros planetas? is there life on other planets?;
    el cuerpo sin vida de un soldado the lifeless body of a soldier;
    el conflicto se cobró muchas vidas many lives were lost in the conflict;
    aquello le costó la vida that cost him his life;
    dar la vida por to give one's life for;
    estar con vida to be alive;
    va a ser una operación a vida o muerte the operation may save his life but it may also kill him;
    estar entre la vida y la muerte to be at death's door;
    perder la vida to lose one's life;
    quitarse la vida to take one's (own) life;
    salir con vida to come out alive;
    como si la vida le fuera en ello as if his/her life depended on it;
    ser una cuestión o [m5] un asunto de vida o muerte to be a matter of life and death;
    enterrarse en vida to forsake the world;
    pasar a mejor vida Euf [persona] to pass away;
    [prenda, aparato, utensilio] to have had it;
    la otra vida the next life;
    tenía la vida pendiente de un hilo her life was hanging by a thread;
    mientras hay vida hay esperanza hope springs eternal
    vida artificial artificial life;
    la vida eterna eternal life;
    vida extraterrestre extraterrestrial life;
    vida intrauterina intrauterine life
    2. [periodo de existencia] life;
    trabajó toda su vida he worked all his life;
    una vida plagada de éxitos a lifetime of success;
    de mi/tu/ etc[m5] vida of my/your/ etc life;
    el amor/la oportunidad de su vida the love/chance of his life;
    un amigo de toda la vida a lifelong friend;
    le conozco de toda la vida I've known him all my life;
    de toda la vida las novias van de blanco brides have worn white since time immemorial, brides have always worn white;
    de por vida for life;
    en vida de during the life o lifetime of;
    eso no lo hubieras dicho en vida de tu padre you would never have said that while your father was alive;
    así no vas a aprobar en la o [m5] tu vida you'll never pass like that;
    ¡en mi o [m5] la vida vi cosa igual! I'd never seen such a thing in all my life!;
    pasarse la vida haciendo algo to spend one's life doing sth;
    se pasa la vida quejándose he does nothing but complain all the time;
    hacer la vida imposible a alguien to make sb's life impossible;
    Am
    toda la vida: [sin duda] [m5]¿prefieres África a Europa? – ¡toda la vida! do you prefer Africa to Europe? – every time! o you bet!;
    la vida da muchas vueltas you never know what life has got in store for you;
    3. Com [de maquinaria, aparato, automóvil] life;
    tiene una vida útil de veinte años it has a useful life of twenty years, it's designed to last for twenty years
    vida en estantería shelf life;
    vida media average life, mean lifetime
    4. [forma de vivir, faceta cotidiana] life;
    su vida es el teatro the theatre is her life;
    ¿cómo es tu vida diaria? what would be a typical day in your life?;
    la vida política del país the country's political life;
    ¿no te gustaría cambiar de vida? wouldn't you like to change your life o the way you live?;
    yo hago o [m5] vivo mi vida como todo el mundo I just get on with my life like everyone else;
    lleva una vida muy tranquila she leads o lives a very peaceful life;
    ¡así es la vida! that's life!, such is life!;
    ¡esto (sí que) es vida! this is the life!;
    una mujer de vida alegre a loose woman;
    ¿qué es de tu vida? how's life?;
    ¡qué vida ésta! what a life!;
    la buena vida the good life;
    darse o [m5]pegarse la gran vida, darse o [m5] pegarse la vida padre to live the life of Riley;
    llevar una vida de perros to lead a dog's life
    vida amorosa love life;
    vida de familia family life;
    vida privada private life;
    vida pública public life;
    vida sentimental love life;
    vida sexual sex life;
    vida social social life;
    hacer vida social (con) to socialize (with)
    5. [animación] life;
    este pueblo tiene mucha vida this town is very lively;
    estar lleno de vida to be full of life;
    Brando da vida al personaje del padre Brando plays the father
    vida nocturna nightlife
    6. [necesidades materiales]
    la vida está muy cara en Japón the cost of living is very high in Japan;
    Fam
    está la vida muy achuchada money's very tight;
    ganarse la vida to earn a living;
    con este trabajo me gano bien la vida I make a good living from this job
    7. [apelativo cariñoso] darling;
    ¡mi vida!, ¡vida mía! my darling!
    * * *
    f life; esp
    TÉC life span;
    de por vida for life;
    toda la vida all one’s life;
    somos amigos de toda la vida we have been friends all our lives;
    en mi vida never (in my life);
    en vida in his/ her etc lifetime;
    ¿qué es de tu vida? how are things?;
    ganarse la vida earn a living;
    vivir su vida live one’s own life;
    hacer la vida imposible a alguien make s.o.’s life impossible;
    a vida o muerte life-or-death;
    estar entre la vida y la muerte be hovering between life and death, be fighting for life;
    la gran vida live high on the hog fam, live the life of Riley fam ;
    pasar a mejor vida pass away;
    quitarse la vida take one’s own life, kill o.s.;
    perder la vida lose one’s life;
    salir con vida come out alive;
    sin vida lifeless;
    la vida y milagros de alguien s.o.’s life story;
    vida en pareja married life, life together;
    vida familiar/sentimental family/love life;
    vida interior inner self;
    así es la vida that’s life;
    vida mía my love;
    mujer de la vida loose woman;
    dar vida a TEA play the part of
    * * *
    vida nf
    1) : life
    la vida cotidiana: everyday life
    2) : life span, lifetime
    3) biografía: biography, life
    4) : way of life, lifestyle
    5) : livelihood
    ganarse la vida: to earn one's living
    6) viveza: liveliness
    7)
    media vida : half-life
    * * *
    vida n
    1. (en general) life [pl. lives]
    2. (sustento) living

    Spanish-English dictionary > vida

  • 4 młodoś|ć

    f sgt 1. (okres w życiu) youth
    - błędy/grzechy/szaleństwa młodości the mistakes/sins/madness of youth
    - fotografie z okresu wczesnej młodości photographs from one’s early youth
    - mieć beztroską/szczęśliwą/smutną młodość to have a carefree/happy/sad youth
    - młodość ma swoje prawa young people have their rights
    - przywileje młodości privileges of youth
    - w młodości marzył o podróżach do dalekich krajów when young, he dreamt about a. of travelling around the world
    - spędzić/strawić młodość na czymś to spend/to waste one’s youth on sth
    - młodość musi się wyszumieć young people must have their fling
    - eliksir młodości the elixir of youth
    - zachować młodość to preserve one’s youth
    - od młodości interesował się astrologią he’s been interested in astrology since he was young
    2. (początek) young days
    - młodość cywilizacji/społeczeństwa/kultury/państwa the early days of a civilization/a society/a culture/a country
    - młodość gwiazdy the early stage of a star’s life
    ■ być nie pierwszej młodości [osoba] to be past one’s prime; [ubranie, samochód] to have seen better days
    - kobieta nie pierwszej młodości a woman past her prime
    - druga młodość second youth
    - pierwsza młodość the early years a. early youth
    - w rozkwicie młodości in the prime of life
    - wieczna młodość eternal youth

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > młodoś|ć

  • 5 в силе

    I
    [PrepP; Invar; subj-compl with быть (subj: human)]
    =====
    1. one has strength, energy, is able-bodied:
    - X был в силе≈ X was strong and healthy;
    - [in limited contexts] X was in his prime.
         ♦ Вспоминал [Едигей] те дни, когда они с Казангапом были молоды и в силе... (Айтматов 2). Не [Yedigei] recalled those days when Kazangap and he had been young and in their prime (2a).
    2. one has authority, holds an important position:
    - X в силе≈ X wields (has, is in) power;
    - [in limited contexts] X has clout;
    || X в большой силе≈ X has (is of) (great) influence.
         ♦ Попасть на трибуну для Канарейкина большая удача. ОО этом напечатают в газетах. Пойдёт слух, что Канарейкин еще в силе (Зиновьев 2). It was a great personal triumph for Kanareikin to be allowed to speak. The newspapers would report it. There would be a rumour that Kanareikin still wielded power (2a).
         ♦ Ему [Петру Петровичу] надо было только поскорей и немедленно разузнать: что и как тут случилось? В силе эти люди или не в силе? Есть ли чего бояться собственно ему, или нет? (Достоевский 3). Не [Pyotr Petrovich] needed only to find out at once and quickly what went on here, and how. Did these people have any power, or did they not have any power? Was there anything for him to fear personally, or was there not? (3c).
         ♦...Князь Андрей возобновил старые знакомства, особенно с теми лицами, которые, он знал, были в силе и могли быть нужны ему (Толстой 5)....Prince Andrei looked up old acquaintances, especially those he knew to be in power and whose aid he might need (5a).
         ♦ "Зачем ты не сказал, что он [немец] в силе?" (Гончаров 1). "Why didn't you tell me he [the German] had influence?" (1a).
         ♦ "Кто это?" - "Лазарев - чиновник особых поручений при министре и в большой силе" (Герцен 1). "Who is that?"..."Lazarev, a clerk of special commissions and of great influence with the Minister" (1a).
    II
    [PrepP; Invar; subj-compl with быть, оставаться (subj: закон, приказ, приговор etc) or obj-compl with оставлять (obj: закон, приказ, приговор etc)]
    =====
    ⇒ (of or in refer, to a law, an order, a verdict etc) sth. is effective, is to be obeyed:
    - оставаться в силе ≈ (be < remain>) in force;
    - (be < remain>) in effect;
    - let sth. stand.
         ♦ Человеческие законы цивилизации кончились. В силе были зверские (Пастернак 1). The laws of human civilization were suspended. The jungle law was in force (1a).
         ♦ Все выражение его лица говорило ей, что утренний разговор им не забыт, что решенье его осталось в прежней силе и что только благодаря присутствию гостей он не говорит ей этого теперь (Толстой 5). The whole expression of his face told her that he had not forgotten the morning's talk, that his decision remained in force, and only the presence of visitors hindered his speaking of it to her now (5b).
         ♦ О деле Норвегова кое-где узнали, прошли демонстрации, но приговор остался в силе (Соколов 1). Here and there people learned about the Norvegov case, there were demonstrations, but the sentence remained in force (1a).
         ♦ "Ну, пока поверим [ вам]. Но предупреждение моё остаётся в силе" (Солженицын 3). "Well, we'll believe you for now. But my warning still stands" (3a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в силе

  • 6 С-179

    В СИЛЕ1 PrepP Invar subj-compl with бытьв (subj: human)
    1. one has strength, energy, is able-bodied
    X был в силе - X was strong and healthy
    X was hale and hearty (in limited contexts) X was in his prime.
    Вспоминал (Едигей) те дни, когда они с Казангапом были молоды и в силе... (Айтматов 2). Не (Yedigei) recalled those days when Kazangap and he had been young and in their prime (2a).
    2. one has authority, holds an important position
    X в силе - X wields (has, is in) power
    X has influence (in limited contexts) X has clout
    X в большой силе - X has (is of) (great) influence.
    Попасть на трибуну для Канарейкина большая удача. Об этом напечатают в газетах. Пойдёт слух, что Канарейкин еще в силе (Зиновьев 2). It was a great personal triumph for Kana-reikin to be allowed to speak. The newspapers would report it. There would be a rumour that Kanareikin still wielded power (2a).
    Ему (Петру Петровичу) надо было только поскорей и немедленно разузнать: что и как тут случилось? В силе эти люди или не в силе? Есть ли чего бояться собственно ему, или нет? (Достоевский 3). Не (Pyotr Petrovich) needed only to find out at once and quickly what went on here, and how. Did these people have any power, or did they not have any power? Was there anything for him to fear personally, or was there not? (3c).
    Князь Андрей возобновил старые знакомства, особенно с теми лицами, которые, он знал, были в силе и могли быть нужны ему (Толстой 5)....Prince Andrei looked up old acquaintances, especially those he knew to be in power and whose aid he might need (5a).
    «Зачем ты не сказал, что он (немец) в силе?» (Гончаров 1). "Why didn't you tell me he (the German) had influence?" (1a).
    Кто это?» -«Лазарев - чиновник особых поручений при министре и в большой силе» (Герцен 1). "Who is that?"..."Lazarev, a clerk of special commissions and of great influence with the Minister" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-179

  • 7 lugar

    m.
    1 place.
    en algún lugar somewhere
    no lo veo por ningún lugar I can't see it anywhere
    vuelve a ponerlo todo en su lugar put everything back where it belongs
    yo en tu lugar if I were you
    lugar de encuentro meeting place
    lugar de trabajo place of work
    2 place, town.
    las gentes del lugar the local people
    lugar de nacimiento place of birth
    3 position (post).
    en primer/segundo lugar in the first/second place, firstly/secondly
    4 room, space.
    aquí ya no hay lugar para más gente there's no room for anyone else here
    * * *
    1 (sitio, ciudad) place
    2 (posición, situación) place, position
    ■ ¿qué lugar ocupa en la empresa? what's her position in the company?
    3 (espacio) room, space
    \
    dar lugar a to give rise to
    dejar a alguien en mal lugar to make somebody look foolish, show somebody up
    en lugar de instead of
    fuera de lugar (descolocado) out of place 2 (inoportuno) inappropriate
    hacer lugar to make room
    no ha lugar la protesta objection overruled
    sin lugar a dudas undoubtedly
    tener lugar to take place
    lugar común commonplace
    * * *
    noun m.
    •
    - tener lugar
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=sitio) place

    • algún lugar — somewhere

    • los Santos Lugares — the Holy Places

    lugar común — cliché, commonplace

    composición 3)
    2) (=posición)
    a) [en lista, carrera, trabajo]

    • en primer lugar, se han clasificado en primer lugar — they have qualified in first place

    en primer lugar, me gustaría agradecer la invitación — first of all o firstly, I would like to thank you for inviting me

    b) (=situación)

    yo, en tu lugar, no iría — I wouldn't go if I were you

    en su lugar, ¡descanso! — (Mil) stand easy!

    • dejar a algn en buen/mal lugar — [comportamiento] to reflect well/badly on sb; [persona] to make sb look good/bad

    • estar fuera de lugar — to be out of place

    c)

    • en lugar de — instead of

    vino el portavoz en lugar del ministro — the spokesman came instead of the minister, the spokesman came in the minister's place

    ¿puedo asistir yo en su lugar? — can I go instead?

    en lugar de escribir, me llamó por teléfono — instead of writing, he called me

    en lugar de ir a la piscina, ¿por qué no vamos a la playa? — why don't we go to the beach instead of the swimming pool?

    3) (=ocasión) opportunity, chance

    • dar lugar a algo — to give rise to sth, lead to sth

    • dejar lugar a algo — to leave room for sth

    • sin lugar a dudas — without doubt, undoubtedly

    • no ha lugar, una reacción tan fuerte, francamente no ha lugar — there is no need for such a violent response

    -¡protesto! -no ha lugar — (Jur) "objection!" - "overruled"

    • tener lugar — to take place, happen, occur

    4) (=espacio) room, space

    ¿hay lugar? — is there any room?

    5) (=localidad) place

    En un lugar de la Mancha... — Somewhere in La Mancha...

    las gentes del lugar — the local people, the locals

    lugar de nacimiento — [gen] birthplace; [en impreso] place of birth

    * * *
    1) ( sitio) place
    2) (localidad, región)
    3)
    a) ( espacio libre) room

    hacer lugar para alguien/algo — to make room o space for somebody/something

    b) ( asiento) seat
    4)
    a) ( situación) place

    yo en tu lugar... — if I were you...

    b) (en organización, jerarquía) place

    se clasificó en primer/quinto lugar — she finished in first/fifth place

    5)

    dar lugar a — (a una disputa, a comentarios) to provoke, give rise to

    6) (Der)

    en primer lugar: se tratarán en primer lugar they will be dealt with first; en primer lugar porque... first of all o firstly because...; en último lugar: y en último lugar... and finally o lastly...; a como dé/diera lugar (AmL): se trata de venderlo a como dé lugar the idea is to sell it any way we can; a como diera lugar yo iba a entrar one way or another I was going to get in; dejar a alguien en mal lugar to put somebody in an awkward position; poner a alguien en su lugar to put somebody in her/his place; sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly; tener lugar — to take place

    •
    * * *
    = area, locality, location, place, locus [loci, -pl.], site, spot, slot.
    Ex. The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.
    Ex. To overcome these problems users must think of all the various names that might have been applied, and must understand something of the geography and administration of the locality concerned.
    Ex. Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.
    Ex. Period and place can also be added to any heading, though there are restrictions on the latter: in certain subjects place takes preference over subject.
    Ex. The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Ex. Here, families from many different communities were up-rooted and resettled on greenfield sites, many miles away from relatives and friends.
    Ex. There was also a spot from which, if you struck the floor with a hard rap of your heel, you could almost count the reverberations as the sound bounced from floor to ceiling to walls to floor.
    Ex. These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.
    ----
    * asignar un lugar = give + Nombre + a place in.
    * auxiliares de lugar = area table.
    * cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].
    * cambio de lugar = relocation.
    * cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.
    * colocación fuera de lugar = misplacement.
    * colocado en lugar erróneo = misplaced.
    * colocar en el lugar donde = put in + the place where.
    * colocar en su lugar = drop into + place.
    * colocar en un lugar = put into + place.
    * colocar en un lugar erróneo = misplace.
    * confinado a un lugar concreto = site-bound.
    * conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.
    * Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).
    * curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.
    * dar lugar = produce.
    * dar lugar a = cause, generate, give + rise to, mean, result (in), leave + room for, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar lugar a la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * dar lugar a problemas = give + rise to problems.
    * dar lugar a queja = evoke + complaint.
    * dar lugar a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * de lugares más distantes = from further afield.
    * demostrar sin lugar a dudas = prove + conclusively.
    * desplazarse de un lugar a otro = move from + place to place.
    * distribuido en varios lugares = multilocationed.
    * el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.
    * emplazado en un lugar lejano = outstation.
    * en algún lugar = somewhere, at some point.
    * en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.
    * encontrarse fuera de lugar = be out of + Posesivo + element, be out of place.
    * en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.
    * en cualquier otro lougar = everywhere else.
    * en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else.
    * en cuarto lugar = fourthly.
    * en el lugar del accidente = at the scene of the accident.
    * en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.
    * en lugar de = as opposed to, in place of, instead of, rather than, in lieu of.
    * en lugar del accidente = at the scene.
    * en lugar de otro = vicariously.
    * en lugares cerrados = indoors.
    * en ningún lugar = nowhere.
    * en otro lugar = elsewhere, off-site [offsite].
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * en quinto lugar = fifthly.
    * en segundo lugar = secondly, second-best [2nd-best], in the second place.
    * en su lugar = instead, in + Posesivo + stead.
    * en tercer lugar = thirdly, on the third hand.
    * en un lugar central = centrally located.
    * en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.
    * en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.
    * en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.
    * en un lugar seguro = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.
    * fuera de lugar = out of place, uncalled-for.
    * gallito del lugar, el = cock-of-the-walk.
    * ganarse un lugar en el corazón de Alguien = win + a place in + heart.
    * habitante del lugar = local, local resident.
    * hacerse un lugar = carve out + a place.
    * hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyendo = mark + Posesivo + place.
    * lugar acogedor = welcoming place.
    * lugar aglomerado = crowded quarter.
    * lugar ameno = locus amoenus.
    * lugar atrasado = backwater.
    * lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.
    * lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.
    * lugar cultural = cultural site.
    * lugar de acampada = campsite [camp site], camping site, campground.
    * lugar de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.
    * lugar de celebración = venue.
    * lugar de celebración del congreso = conference venue.
    * lugar de cita = meeting ground.
    * lugar de cría = breeding ground, breeding area.
    * lugar de descanso = resting place.
    * lugar de diversión = playground.
    * lugar de encuentro = meeting place, meeting point, gathering place, tryst.
    * lugar de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.
    * lugar de honor = pride of place.
    * lugar de impresión = place of printing.
    * lugar de interés = attraction, sight.
    * lugar del crimen = scene of the crime.
    * lugar de nacimiento = birthplace, place of birth.
    * lugar de origen = locality of origin.
    * lugar de parada = halting place.
    * lugar de pasto = feeding ground.
    * lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.
    * lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.
    * lugar de pruebas = test site.
    * lugar de publicación = place of publication.
    * lugar de recogida = pick-up location, pick-up point, drop-off point.
    * lugar de residencia = place of residence.
    * lugar destacado = prime space.
    * lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, work setting, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.
    * lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.
    * lugar de vacaciones = tourist destination.
    * lugar donde las aves pasan la noche = roost.
    * lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.
    * lugar en el mercado de venta = market niche.
    * lugar en la ordenación = filing position.
    * lugar escondido = secluded spot.
    * lugares de interés = sights.
    * lugar específico = niche.
    * lugar físico = physical place.
    * lugar frecuentado = hang out.
    * lugar histórico = historic site, historical site.
    * lugar interesante = hot spot.
    * lugar oculto = hidden storage place, secret storage location, secret storage place, secret holding location, secret cell.
    * lugar para comer = eating facility.
    * lugar pintoresco = beauty spot.
    * lugar privilegiado = place in the sun.
    * lugar protegido = safe haven, safe harbour.
    * lugar público = public place.
    * lugar que le corresponde = Posesivo + rightful place.
    * lugar que nos corresponde = place in the sun.
    * lugar remoto = secluded spot.
    * lugar resguardado del viento y soleado = suntrap.
    * lugar seguro = safe haven, safe place.
    * lugar visible = prime space.
    * nombre de lugar = place name.
    * no tener lugar = fall through.
    * ocasión + dar lugar a = occasion + give rise to.
    * ocupar el lugar de = take + the place of.
    * ocupar el lugar de Alguien = take + Posesivo + place.
    * ocupar un lugar = hold + a place, occupy + place.
    * ocupar un lugar destacado para + Pronombre = stand + high on + Posesivo + list.
    * ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.
    * ocupar un lugar importante = take + pride of place.
    * ocupar un lugar prioritario en los intereses de Alguien = rank + high on + Posesivo + agenda.
    * ocupar un lugar privilegiado = have + pride of place.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.
    * ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * residente del lugar = local resident.
    * sentimiento de pertenecer a un lugar = sense of belonging.
    * sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.
    * sin lugar a dudas = conclusively, undeniably, unquestionably, without any doubt, by all accounts, no mistake, no doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, to be sure.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-rated.
    * situado en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.
    * situado en un lugar lejano = outstation.
    * tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.
    * TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).
    * UF (úsese en lugar de) = UF (use for).
    * un buen lugar de partida = a good place to start.
    * variar de lugar a lugar = differ + from place to place.
    * variar de un lugar a otro = vary + from place to place.
    * visita con conferencia a varios lugares de un país = lecture tour.
    * zona central de un lugar = heartland.
    * * *
    1) ( sitio) place
    2) (localidad, región)
    3)
    a) ( espacio libre) room

    hacer lugar para alguien/algo — to make room o space for somebody/something

    b) ( asiento) seat
    4)
    a) ( situación) place

    yo en tu lugar... — if I were you...

    b) (en organización, jerarquía) place

    se clasificó en primer/quinto lugar — she finished in first/fifth place

    5)

    dar lugar a — (a una disputa, a comentarios) to provoke, give rise to

    6) (Der)

    en primer lugar: se tratarán en primer lugar they will be dealt with first; en primer lugar porque... first of all o firstly because...; en último lugar: y en último lugar... and finally o lastly...; a como dé/diera lugar (AmL): se trata de venderlo a como dé lugar the idea is to sell it any way we can; a como diera lugar yo iba a entrar one way or another I was going to get in; dejar a alguien en mal lugar to put somebody in an awkward position; poner a alguien en su lugar to put somebody in her/his place; sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly; tener lugar — to take place

    •
    * * *
    = area, locality, location, place, locus [loci, -pl.], site, spot, slot.

    Ex: The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.

    Ex: To overcome these problems users must think of all the various names that might have been applied, and must understand something of the geography and administration of the locality concerned.
    Ex: Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.
    Ex: Period and place can also be added to any heading, though there are restrictions on the latter: in certain subjects place takes preference over subject.
    Ex: The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.
    Ex: Here, families from many different communities were up-rooted and resettled on greenfield sites, many miles away from relatives and friends.
    Ex: There was also a spot from which, if you struck the floor with a hard rap of your heel, you could almost count the reverberations as the sound bounced from floor to ceiling to walls to floor.
    Ex: These frames are of different types and have slots also of different types, which can be filled by other frames.
    * asignar un lugar = give + Nombre + a place in.
    * auxiliares de lugar = area table.
    * cambiar de lugar = relocate, resite [re-site].
    * cambio de lugar = relocation.
    * cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.
    * colocación fuera de lugar = misplacement.
    * colocado en lugar erróneo = misplaced.
    * colocar en el lugar donde = put in + the place where.
    * colocar en su lugar = drop into + place.
    * colocar en un lugar = put into + place.
    * colocar en un lugar erróneo = misplace.
    * confinado a un lugar concreto = site-bound.
    * conseguir ocupar un lugar específico = secure + a niche.
    * Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).
    * curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.
    * dar lugar = produce.
    * dar lugar a = cause, generate, give + rise to, mean, result (in), leave + room for, bring about, lead to, cause, open + the door to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    * dar lugar a la reflexión = provide + food for thought.
    * dar lugar a problemas = give + rise to problems.
    * dar lugar a queja = evoke + complaint.
    * dar lugar a rumores = fuel + rumours, give + rise to rumours.
    * de lugares más distantes = from further afield.
    * demostrar sin lugar a dudas = prove + conclusively.
    * desplazarse de un lugar a otro = move from + place to place.
    * distribuido en varios lugares = multilocationed.
    * el lugar que le corresponde a = the due place of.
    * emplazado en un lugar lejano = outstation.
    * en algún lugar = somewhere, at some point.
    * en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.
    * encontrarse fuera de lugar = be out of + Posesivo + element, be out of place.
    * en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.
    * en cualquier otro lougar = everywhere else.
    * en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else.
    * en cuarto lugar = fourthly.
    * en el lugar del accidente = at the scene of the accident.
    * en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.
    * en lugar de = as opposed to, in place of, instead of, rather than, in lieu of.
    * en lugar del accidente = at the scene.
    * en lugar de otro = vicariously.
    * en lugares cerrados = indoors.
    * en ningún lugar = nowhere.
    * en otro lugar = elsewhere, off-site [offsite].
    * en primer lugar = firstly, in the first place, in the first instance, first and foremost, first off.
    * en quinto lugar = fifthly.
    * en segundo lugar = secondly, second-best [2nd-best], in the second place.
    * en su lugar = instead, in + Posesivo + stead.
    * en tercer lugar = thirdly, on the third hand.
    * en un lugar central = centrally located.
    * en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.
    * en un lugar diferente de = somewhere other than.
    * en un lugar distinto a = somewhere other than.
    * en un lugar seguro = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * estar en el lugar adecuado en el momento adecuado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar indicado en el momento indicado = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar en el lugar oportuno en el momento oportuno = be in the right place at the right time.
    * estar fuera de lugar = be out of place, be out of order.
    * fuera de lugar = out of place, uncalled-for.
    * gallito del lugar, el = cock-of-the-walk.
    * ganarse un lugar en el corazón de Alguien = win + a place in + heart.
    * habitante del lugar = local, local resident.
    * hacerse un lugar = carve out + a place.
    * hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyendo = mark + Posesivo + place.
    * lugar acogedor = welcoming place.
    * lugar aglomerado = crowded quarter.
    * lugar ameno = locus amoenus.
    * lugar atrasado = backwater.
    * lugar común de alimentación = feeding ground.
    * lugar común de encuentro = meeting ground.
    * lugar cultural = cultural site.
    * lugar de acampada = campsite [camp site], camping site, campground.
    * lugar de aterrizaje = landing site, landing area.
    * lugar de celebración = venue.
    * lugar de celebración del congreso = conference venue.
    * lugar de cita = meeting ground.
    * lugar de cría = breeding ground, breeding area.
    * lugar de descanso = resting place.
    * lugar de diversión = playground.
    * lugar de encuentro = meeting place, meeting point, gathering place, tryst.
    * lugar de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.
    * lugar de honor = pride of place.
    * lugar de impresión = place of printing.
    * lugar de interés = attraction, sight.
    * lugar del crimen = scene of the crime.
    * lugar de nacimiento = birthplace, place of birth.
    * lugar de origen = locality of origin.
    * lugar de parada = halting place.
    * lugar de pasto = feeding ground.
    * lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.
    * lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.
    * lugar de pruebas = test site.
    * lugar de publicación = place of publication.
    * lugar de recogida = pick-up location, pick-up point, drop-off point.
    * lugar de residencia = place of residence.
    * lugar destacado = prime space.
    * lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, work setting, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.
    * lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.
    * lugar de vacaciones = tourist destination.
    * lugar donde las aves pasan la noche = roost.
    * lugar donde pasar el rato = hang out.
    * lugar en el mercado de venta = market niche.
    * lugar en la ordenación = filing position.
    * lugar escondido = secluded spot.
    * lugares de interés = sights.
    * lugar específico = niche.
    * lugar físico = physical place.
    * lugar frecuentado = hang out.
    * lugar histórico = historic site, historical site.
    * lugar interesante = hot spot.
    * lugar oculto = hidden storage place, secret storage location, secret storage place, secret holding location, secret cell.
    * lugar para comer = eating facility.
    * lugar pintoresco = beauty spot.
    * lugar privilegiado = place in the sun.
    * lugar protegido = safe haven, safe harbour.
    * lugar público = public place.
    * lugar que le corresponde = Posesivo + rightful place.
    * lugar que nos corresponde = place in the sun.
    * lugar remoto = secluded spot.
    * lugar resguardado del viento y soleado = suntrap.
    * lugar seguro = safe haven, safe place.
    * lugar visible = prime space.
    * nombre de lugar = place name.
    * no tener lugar = fall through.
    * ocasión + dar lugar a = occasion + give rise to.
    * ocupar el lugar de = take + the place of.
    * ocupar el lugar de Alguien = take + Posesivo + place.
    * ocupar un lugar = hold + a place, occupy + place.
    * ocupar un lugar destacado para + Pronombre = stand + high on + Posesivo + list.
    * ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.
    * ocupar un lugar importante = take + pride of place.
    * ocupar un lugar prioritario en los intereses de Alguien = rank + high on + Posesivo + agenda.
    * ocupar un lugar privilegiado = have + pride of place.
    * ocupar un primer lugar = stand + first.
    * ponerse en el lugar de = place + Reflexivo + in the position of, put + Reflexivo + in the position of.
    * ponerse en el lugar de Alguien = put + Reflexivo + in + Nombre/Posesivo + shoes, wear + Posesivo + shoes, walk in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * ponerse en lugar de Alguien = stand in + Posesivo + shoes.
    * primer lugar de consulta = first stop.
    * que huele a lugar cerrado = fusty.
    * que no aparece en primer lugar = nonfirst [non-first].
    * que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.
    * residente del lugar = local resident.
    * sentimiento de pertenecer a un lugar = sense of belonging.
    * sentirse fuera de lugar = feel + inadequate.
    * sin lugar a dudas = conclusively, undeniably, unquestionably, without any doubt, by all accounts, no mistake, no doubt, without a shadow of a doubt, beyond a shadow of a doubt, to be sure.
    * sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.
    * situado en primer lugar = top-rated.
    * situado en un lugar céntrico = centrally located.
    * situado en un lugar lejano = outstation.
    * tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.
    * TIP (El Lugar de Información) = TIP (The Information Place).
    * UF (úsese en lugar de) = UF (use for).
    * un buen lugar de partida = a good place to start.
    * variar de lugar a lugar = differ + from place to place.
    * variar de un lugar a otro = vary + from place to place.
    * visita con conferencia a varios lugares de un país = lecture tour.
    * zona central de un lugar = heartland.

    * * *
    A (sitio) place
    no es éste el lugar ni el momento oportuno para hablar de ello this is neither the time nor the place to discuss it
    esto no está en su lugar this is not in its place, this is not where it should be o in the right place o where it belongs
    en cualquier otro lugar la gente se hubiera echado a la calle anywhere else o in any other country, people would have taken to the streets
    hemos cambiado los muebles de lugar we've moved the furniture around
    tiene que estar en algún lugar it must be somewhere
    guárdalo en un lugar seguro keep it in a safe place
    [ S ] consérvese en lugar fresco keep in a cool place
    se trasladaron al lugar del suceso they went to the scene of the incident
    ¿se te ocurre un lugar por aquí cerca donde podamos ir a comer? can you think of anywhere around here where we can go and eat?
    B
    (localidad, región): visité varios lugares I visited several places
    los habitantes del lugar the local inhabitants o people
    en un lugar de África somewhere in Africa
    lugar y fecha de nacimiento place and date of birth
    C
    1
    (espacio libre): ¿podrían hacer lugar para alguien más? could you make room o space for one more?
    no hay lugar para nada más there's no room for anything else
    aquí te dejé un lugar para que pongas tus cosas I left you some space here for you to put your things
    2 (asiento) seat
    D
    1 (situación) place
    ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place
    yo en tu lugar no se lo diría I wouldn't tell her if I were you
    ¡ya quisiera verte en mi lugar! I'd like to see what you'd do in my place o position o ( colloq) shoes
    2 (en una organización, jerarquía) place
    el lugar que le corresponde her rightful place o position
    nadie puede ocupar el lugar de una madre nobody can take a mother's place
    según el lugar que ocupan en la lista according to their position on the list
    en quinto lugar se clasificó el equipo australiano the Australian team finished fifth o in fifth place o in fifth position
    E
    dar lugar a (a una disputa) to provoke, give rise to, spark off; (a comentarios) to give rise to, provoke
    han dado lugar a que la gente hable their behavior has got o set people talking
    F ( Der):
    no ha lugar la protesta the objection is overruled
    G ( en locs):
    en lugar de instead of
    fue él en lugar de su hermano he went instead of his brother o in his brother's place
    en lugar de hablar tanto podrías ayudar un poco instead of talking so much you might help a bit
    ¿puede firmar ella en mi lugar? can she sign for me o on my behalf
    ¿y si en lugar de ir nosotros viene él aquí? and how about him coming here rather than us going there?
    en primer/segundo/último lugar: los temas que serán tratados en primer lugar the topics which will be dealt with first
    no estoy de acuerdo, en primer lugar porque … I don't agree, first of all o firstly because …
    y en último lugar, hablaremos de las posibles soluciones and finally o lastly, we will discuss possible solutions
    a como dé/diera lugar ( AmL): se trata de venderlo a como dé lugar the idea is to sell it however possible o however they can
    a como diera lugar yo iba a entrar al concierto one way or another I was going to get into the concert
    dejar a algn en mal lugar to put sb in an awkward position
    no dejar lugar a dudas: lo dijo con tal convicción que no dejó lugar a dudas sobre su sinceridad she said it with such conviction that there could be no doubt about her sincerity
    poner a algn en su lugar to put sb in her/his place
    sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly
    tener lugar to take place
    un lugar para cada cosa y cada cosa en su lugar a place for everything and everything in its place
    Compuestos:
    cliché, commonplace
    locus
    * * *

     

    lugar sustantivo masculino
    1 ( en general) place;

    en cualquier otro lugar anywhere else;
    en algún lugar somewhere;
    cambiar los muebles de lugar to move the furniture around;
    el lugar del suceso the scene of the incident;
    yo en tu lugar … if I were you …;
    ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place;
    se clasificó en primer lugar she finished in first place
    2 (localidad, región):

    lugar y fecha de nacimiento place and date of birth
    3

    ◊ hacer lugar para algn/algo to make room o space for sb/sth;

    me hizo un lugar he made me some room

    4
    ◊ dar lugar a (a disputa, comentarios) to provoke, give rise to

    5 ( en locs)

    ella firmó en mi lugar she signed on my behalf;
    en primer lugar ( antes que nada) first of all, firstly;
    en último lugar ( finalmente) finally, lastly;
    sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly;
    tener lugar to take place
    lugar sustantivo masculino
    1 place
    la gente del lugar, the local people
    en algún lugar del cuerpo/libro, in some part of the body/book
    2 (ocasión) time: no hubo lugar para ello, there was no occasion for it
    3 (motivo) occasion: dio lugar a un malentendido, it gave rise to a misunderstanding
    ♦ Locuciones: sentirse fuera de lugar to feel out of place
    tener lugar, to take place
    en lugar de, instead of
    en mi/tu/su lugar..., if I/you/he were me/you/him...
    en primer lugar, in the first place, firstly
    sin lugar a dudas, without a doubt
    ' lugar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonada
    - abandonado
    - abandono
    - abrigo
    - acogedor
    - acogedora
    - acuartelamiento
    - acudir
    - airear
    - alejada
    - alejado
    - allá
    - allí
    - antesala
    - apartada
    - apartado
    - aquí
    - archivo
    - arena
    - atrás
    - baja
    - bajo
    - botar
    - cabida
    - caer
    - celebrarse
    - colocarse
    - continuar
    - damnificada
    - damnificado
    - darse
    - definitivamente
    - dejar
    - delante
    - dentro
    - deprimida
    - deprimido
    - derecha
    - desalojo
    - desamparada
    - desamparado
    - desarrollarse
    - desencadenar
    - desencajada
    - desencajado
    - desentonar
    - desfilar
    - designar
    - deslizarse
    - despacho
    English:
    abroad
    - agree
    - be
    - beauty spot
    - birthplace
    - breeding ground
    - burial
    - celebrate
    - change
    - climb
    - come off
    - commonplace
    - commuter
    - dental surgery
    - designate
    - desolation
    - divert
    - drive-through
    - elsewhere
    - equatorial
    - erect
    - everyplace
    - ex
    - first
    - firstly
    - foremost
    - haunt
    - high
    - homeland
    - in-service
    - inch
    - innermost
    - innocent
    - instead
    - introduction
    - landmark
    - last
    - lie
    - lieu
    - live in
    - liven
    - location
    - lookout
    - Mecca
    - midterm
    - misplaced
    - mournful
    - move back
    - occupy
    - palace
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [sitio] place;
    [del crimen, accidente] scene; [para acampar, merendar] spot;
    encontraron una pistola en el lugar de los hechos they found a gun at the crime scene o scene of the crime;
    ¿en qué lugar habré metido las tijeras? where can I have put the scissors?;
    en algún lugar somewhere;
    no lo veo por ningún lugar I can't see it anywhere;
    vuelve a ponerlo todo en su lugar put everything back where it belongs;
    he cambiado el televisor de lugar I've moved the television;
    estoy buscando un lugar donde pasar la noche I'm looking for somewhere to spend the night;
    éste no es (el) lugar para discutir eso this is not the place to discuss that
    lugar de anidación nesting site;
    lugar de encuentro meeting place;
    lugar de interés place of interest;
    lugar de reunión meeting place;
    lugar sagrado sanctum;
    lugar de trabajo workplace
    2. [localidad] place, town;
    las gentes del lugar the local people;
    ni los más viejos del lugar recuerdan algo semejante not even the oldest people there can remember anything like it
    lugar de nacimiento [en biografía] birthplace; [en formulario, impreso] place of birth;
    lugar de residencia [en formulario, impreso] place of residence;
    lugar turístico Br holiday o US vacation resort;
    lugar de veraneo summer resort
    3. [puesto] position;
    ocupa un lugar importante en la empresa she has an important position in the company, she is high up in the company;
    ¿puedes ir tú en mi lugar? can you go in my place?;
    en primer/segundo lugar, quiero decir… in the first/second place, I would like to say…, firstly/secondly, I would like to say…;
    llegó en primer/segundo lugar she finished o came first/second;
    en último lugar, quiero decir… lastly o last, I would like to say…;
    llegó en último lugar she came last;
    ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place;
    yo en tu lugar if I were you
    4. [espacio libre] room, space;
    esta mesa ocupa mucho lugar this table takes up a lot of room o space;
    aquí ya no hay lugar para más gente there's no room for anyone else here;
    hacerle lugar a algo/alguien to make room o some space for sth/sb
    5. lugar común platitude, commonplace
    6. [ocasión]
    dar lugar a [rumores, comentarios, debate, disputa] to give rise to;
    [polémica] to spark off, to give rise to; [catástrofe] to lead to, to cause; [explosión, escape] to cause; Am
    a como dé lugar whatever the cost, whatever it takes;
    Der
    no ha lugar objection overruled;
    no hay lugar a duda there's no (room for) doubt;
    sin lugar a dudas without doubt, undoubtedly
    7.
    tener lugar to take place;
    la recepción tendrá lugar en los jardines del palacio the reception will be held in the palace gardens
    8. Comp
    dejar en buen lugar: el cantante mexicano dejó en buen lugar a su país the Mexican singer did his country proud;
    dejar en mal lugar: no nos dejes en mal lugar y pórtate bien be good and don't show us up;
    estar fuera de lugar to be out of place;
    poner a alguien en su lugar to put sb in his/her place;
    poner las cosas en su lugar to set things straight
    ♦ en lugar de loc prep
    instead of;
    acudió en lugar de mí she came in my place o instead of me;
    en lugar de la sopa, tomaré pasta I'll have the pasta instead of the soup;
    en lugar de mirar, podrías echarnos una mano you could give us a hand rather than o instead of just standing/sitting there watching
    * * *
    m place;
    en lugar de instead of;
    en primer lugar in the first place, first(ly);
    fuera de lugar out of place;
    yo en tu lugar if I were you, (if I were) in your place;
    ponte en mi lugar put yourself in my place;
    dar lugar a give rise to;
    tener lugar take place;
    sin lugar a dudas without a doubt
    * * *
    lugar nm
    1) : place, position
    se llevó el primer lugar en su división: she took first place in her division
    2) espacio: space, room
    3)
    dar lugar a : to give rise to, to lead to
    4)
    en lugar de : instead of
    5)
    lugar común : cliché, platitude
    6)
    tener lugar : to take place
    * * *
    lugar n place
    un lugar donde sentarse a place to sit / somewhere to sit
    dar lugar a to give rise to [pt. gave; pp. given]
    en primer lugar firstly / first of all

    Spanish-English dictionary > lugar

  • 8 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 9 tipo

    m.
    1 guy, chap, fellow, character.
    2 type, category, kind, class.
    Un nuevo orden de dificultad A new kind of difficulty.
    3 letter type, type.
    * * *
    1 (clase) type, kind
    2 FINANZAS rate
    3 ANATOMÍA (de hombre) build, physique; (de mujer) figure
    4 familiar (persona) guy, fellow, bloke
    \
    aguantar el tipo figurado to keep cool, keep calm
    dar el tipo figurado to fit a description, fit the bill
    jugarse el tipo figurado to risk one's neck
    tener buen tipo (hombre) to be well-built 2 (mujer) to have a good figure
    todo tipo de all kind of, all kinds of
    tipo de cambio FINANZAS rate of exchange
    tipo de interés FINANZAS rate of interest
    tipo raro weirdo, oddball
    * * *
    1. noun m.
    1) type
    2) kind, sort
    •
    2. (f. - tipa)
    noun
    guy / gal
    * * *
    tipo, -a
    1.
    SM / F * (=individuo) (=hombre) guy *, bloke *; (=mujer) chick *, bird *, dame (EEUU) *

    ¿quién es ese tipo? — who's that guy o bloke? *

    tipa
    2. SM
    1) (=clase) type, kind, sort

    un coche de otro tipo pero del mismo precio — a different type o kind o sort of car but for the same price

    todo tipo de... — all sorts o kinds of...

    2) (Bot, Literat, Zool) type
    3) (Com, Econ) rate

    tipo bancario, tipo base — base rate

    4) (=figura, cuerpo) [de hombre] build; [de mujer] figure

    tener buen tipo — [hombre] to be well built; [mujer] to have a good figure

    5) (Tip) type
    3. ADJ INV
    1) (=similar a)
    2) (=típico) average, typical

    dos conductores tipo — two average o typical drivers

    * * *
    I
    - pa masculino, femenino (fam) (m) guy (colloq), bloke (BrE colloq); (f) woman
    II
    1) ( clase) kind, type, sort
    2)
    a) ( figura - de mujer) figure; (- de hombre) physique

    jugarse el tipo — (Esp fam) to risk one's neck (colloq)

    b) ( aspecto) appearance

    dar el tipo — (Esp) to be the type

    3) (Fin) rate
    4) (Impr) type
    5) (como adj inv) typical

    una serie tipo `Dallas' — a `Dallas'-type series

    6) (como adv) (CS fam) around, about
    * * *
    I
    - pa masculino, femenino (fam) (m) guy (colloq), bloke (BrE colloq); (f) woman
    II
    1) ( clase) kind, type, sort
    2)
    a) ( figura - de mujer) figure; (- de hombre) physique

    jugarse el tipo — (Esp fam) to risk one's neck (colloq)

    b) ( aspecto) appearance

    dar el tipo — (Esp) to be the type

    3) (Fin) rate
    4) (Impr) type
    5) (como adj inv) typical

    una serie tipo `Dallas' — a `Dallas'-type series

    6) (como adv) (CS fam) around, about
    * * *
    tipo1
    1 = category, class, degree, form, kind, nature, sort, type, ilk, stripe.

    Ex: For some categories of materials it can be difficult to distinguish publishers from distributors and/or producers.

    Ex: The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.
    Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.
    Ex: It is under the chosen form of heading that the catalogue entry for a particular document is filed and hence located.
    Ex: Document descriptions may be drafted for a wide variety of different kinds of library material, but some common principles can be established.
    Ex: Since all of the headings are alphabetical words, it is possible to interfile entries regardless of the nature of their heading.
    Ex: Thoughts of this sort kept running about like clockwork mice in his head, while the murmur of chatter filled the room and outside dusk had yielded to black night.
    Ex: There are a number of types of abstracts or labels that can be applied to abstracts.
    Ex: Perhaps she would be well advised to read that book and others of its ilk to see if she could learn something about surviving in the corporate world.
    Ex: The field of computational linguistics is exciting insomuch as it permits linguists of different stripes to model language behaviour.
    * algún tipo de = some, some sort of.
    * algún tipo de + Nombre = one kind of + Nombre + or another.
    * almuerzo tipo bufé = lunch buffet, buffet lunch.
    * asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.
    * con todo tipo de comodidades = with all mods and cons.
    * con todo tipo de lujos = with all mods and cons.
    * contra todo (tipo) de riesgo = against all risks.
    * de algún tipo = of some description.
    * de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.
    * de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.
    * de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.
    * de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.
    * del mismo tipo que las oficinas = office-type.
    * de tipo general = broad scoped.
    * de tipo medio = middle-range.
    * de todos los tipos = of all stripes.
    * de todo tipo = of all sorts, of every sort, of all stripes, of all shapes and sizes.
    * de un tipo u otro = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another, of some description.
    * de varios tipos = multitype [multi-type].
    * diabetes del tipo 2 = type 2 diabetes.
    * el tipo de = the range of.
    * ese tipo de cosas = that sort of thing.
    * este tipo de = such.
    * este tipo de cosas = this sort of thing.
    * examen tipo test = multiple choice test.
    * existen de muchos tipos = come in + many guises.
    * gente de todo tipo = people from all walks of life.
    * haber de muchos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * haber de muy diversos tipos = come in + all/many (sorts of) shapes and sizes.
    * identidad clase-tipo = type-token identity.
    * índice permutado del tipo KWIC = KWICed index.
    * mismo tipo de = same range of.
    * necesitar tomar cierto tipo de decisiones = require + judgement.
    * Nombre + de este tipo = such + Nombre.
    * para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.
    * pregunta tipo test = multiple choice question.
    * que combina diferentes tipos de re = multi-source [multi source].
    * recorte de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.
    * reducción de los tipos de interés = interest-rate cut.
    * reducción de tipo impositivo = tax abatement.
    * relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.
    * ser de un tipo diferente = be different in kind, differ in + kind (from).
    * sin ningún tipo de restricciones = no holds barred.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.
    * sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.
    * subida de los tipos de interés = rate increase, interest-rate increase.
    * tipo de cambio = exchange rate, rate of exchange.
    * tipo de cuidado = nasty piece of work.
    * tipo de gravamen = tax rate.
    * tipo de gravamen marginal = marginal tax rate.
    * tipo de impuestos = band of taxation.
    * tipo de interés = interest rate.
    * tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.
    * tipo de interés preferente = base rate, prime rate.
    * tipo de persona = public.
    * tipo de resumen = abstracting format.
    * tipo de servicio = style of service.
    * tipo fiscal = tax rate.
    * tipo fiscal marginal = marginal tax rate.
    * tipo impositivo = income tax bracket, tax rate, tax bracket.
    * tipo impositivo marginal = marginal tax rate.
    * tipo noticias = news-type.
    * tipo preferencial = preferential rate.
    * tipo preferente = preferential rate.
    * tipo publicitario = display type.
    * tipos como = the likes of.
    * tipos de búsqueda = retrieval facilities, search facilities.
    * tipos reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut.
    * tipo televisor = television-type.
    * todo tipo de = all sorts of, all manner of.
    * todo tipo de gustos = all shades of opinion.
    * un tipo de = a kind of.
    * variación de los tipos de cambio = exchange rate change.
    * y todo este tipo de cosas = and all this sort of thing.

    tipo2
    2 = font, face, type, fount.
    Nota: Un grupo de caracteres tipográficos de un tamaño determinado, como por ejemplo Roman 8.

    Ex: No longer is the user constrained to a supplied set of fonts.

    Ex: The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.
    Ex: Plaster was mixed with water and poured over the type, and allowed to set; when it had hardened it was lifted off the page (the oil preventing it from sticking to the type), and baked hard in an oven.
    Ex: Incunabulists, indeed, work on the assumption that a fount belonging to a fifteenth-century printer was unique to him, which is likely to be true enough of the fount as cast, but is not necessarily true of its punches.
    * altura del tipo movible = height-to-paper, type height.
    * diseñador de tipos = type designer.
    * diseño de tipos = type design [type-design].
    * fundición de tipos = typefounding.
    * fundidor de tipos = punch-cutter [punchcutter], type-founder [typefounder], cutter of type.
    * fundir tipos = cast + type.
    * machacar los tipos = batter + type.
    * máquina fundidora de tipos = typecasting machine.
    * taller de fundición de tipos = type-foundry.
    * tipo autoespaciador = self-spacing type.
    * tipo decorativo = display type.
    * tipo de imprenta = book face, printing type, type.
    * tipo de letra = type face [typeface], typing, type font [typefont], fount, type specimen [type-specimen], fount of type.
    * tipo fundido = cast type.
    * tipo movible = punch.
    * tipo movible de acento = accent punch.
    * tipo móvil = moveable type.
    * tipos móviles = movable type.

    tipo3
    3 = fellow, chap, guy, dude, joker, bloke.
    Nota: Coloquial.

    Ex: From the skimming he had given their writings he knew that something like a chemical agent was working in Balzac's defenseless mind, and that the hapless fellow was trying not to succumb to it.

    Ex: In practice, however, such democratic attitudes among the mighty seem to have as little effect on the behaviour of those who serve them as did the remark made by King George V at his Jubilee in 1935, 'I'm really quite an ordinary sort of chap'.
    Ex: The general opinion of Edward Wood seemed to be summed up in the words of one staff member, who said, 'Ed Wood's a prince of a guy'.
    Ex: This is one of those movies that preaches nonviolence, even as the good guy is knocking the hell out of a few dozen dudes.
    Ex: Then I followed these two jokers to a liquor store where they got them some alchy.
    Ex: The blokes don't bat an eyelid that you're a girl -- they take no prisoners when they're trying to get the ball!.
    * jugarse el tipo (por) = stick + Posesivo + neck out (for).
    * mantener el tipo = keep + a stiff upper lip.

    * * *
    tipo1 -pa
    masculine, feminine
    1 ( fam) ( masculine) guy ( colloq); ( feminine) woman
    me parece una tipa sensacional I think she's an amazing woman
    2 ( pey) ( masculine) guy ( colloq), character ( pej), woman, female ( colloq pej)
    ¿pero qué se habrá creído este tipo? but who does this guy o character think he is?
    A (clase) kind, type, sort
    tiene todo tipo de herramientas en el taller he has all kinds of tools in his workshop
    ¿qué tipo de música te gusta más? what sort of music do you like best?
    es muy simpático, pero no es mi tipo he's very nice, but he's not my type
    B ( Bot, Zool) type; (en antropología) type
    C
    1 (figura — de una mujer) figure; (de un hombre) physique
    aguantar or mantener el tipo ( Esp); to put on a brave face
    jugarse el tipo ( Esp); to risk one's neck
    lucir el tipo ( Esp); to parade around
    2 (aspecto) appearance
    será conde, pero no tiene tipo de aristócrata he may well be a count, but he doesn't look like an aristocrat
    una mujer de tipo distinguido a distinguished-looking woman
    dar el tipo ( Esp); to be the type
    no parece que dé el tipo he doesn't seem the type
    D ( Fin) rate
    Compuestos:
    exchange rate
    cross exchange rate
    ● tipo de interés preferencial or preferente
    prime rate
    E ( Impr) type
    F ( como adj inv) typical
    el/la profesional tipo the typical o average professional person
    exámenes tipo specimen papers
    una serie tipo Dallas a Dallas-type series
    G ( como adv) (CS fam) around, about
    vénganse tipo cuatro come around o about four o'clock
    * * *

     

    tipo 1
    ◊ -pa sustantivo masculino, femenino (fam) (m) guy (colloq), bloke (BrE colloq);


    (f) woman
    tipo 2 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( clase) kind, type, sort;

    no es mi tipo he's not my type
    2 ( figura — de mujer) figure;
    (— de hombre) physique
    3 ( como adv) (CS fam) around, about;

    tipo sustantivo masculino
    1 (modelo, clase) type, kind, sort: María no es mi tipo, Maria isn't my type
    me gusta ese tipo de gente, I like that kind of people
    no es de ese tipo de personas, he's not that sort of person
    ese tipo de coche, that type o kind of car
    2 fam (individuo) guy, bloke, fellow
    tipo raro, weirdo
    un buen tipo, a good sort
    un tipo simpático, a nice chap
    3 (constitución física) build, physique
    (de mujer) figure: tiene buen tipo, she has a good figure
    4 Econ rate
    tipo de cambio, exchange rate
    tipo de descuento, bank rate
    tipo de interés, interest rate
    5 Tip (de letra) type
    Tip Inform font
    ♦ Locuciones: dar el tipo, to live up to other people's expectations
    figurado jugarse el tipo, to risk one's neck
    mantener o aguantar el tipo, to keep one's cool
    ' tipo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    beneficio
    - callada
    - callado
    - cambiar
    - catalogar
    - clase
    - cuidada
    - cuidado
    - delgada
    - delgado
    - desbordar
    - determinada
    - determinado
    - elemento
    - especie
    - estaquilla
    - fibra
    - fiebre
    - género
    - índole
    - lectura
    - macanuda
    - macanudo
    - más
    - mina
    - naturaleza
    - orden
    - puñetera
    - puñetero
    - scud
    - sedán
    - silueta
    - speed
    - suerte
    - tan
    - antipático
    - corriente
    - cuate
    - divertido
    - forma
    - fresco
    - fulano
    - grande
    - individuo
    - interés
    - interesar
    - loco
    - particular
    - pata
    - pesado
    English:
    ale
    - all
    - arrogant
    - bloke
    - boogie
    - brand
    - build
    - chap
    - class
    - clause
    - crook
    - current
    - delicatessen
    - deposit
    - description
    - duck
    - dude
    - exchange rate
    - figure
    - flaky
    - flat
    - form
    - freely
    - going
    - guy
    - high tops
    - individual
    - interest rate
    - kid
    - kind
    - lending
    - LIBOR
    - marmalade
    - muffin
    - neck
    - neither
    - nut
    - open
    - prime rate
    - rate
    - send down
    - shapely
    - sort
    - suited
    - survey
    - tax bracket
    - tough
    - trim
    - type
    - typeface
    * * *
    tipo, -a
    ♦ nm,f
    Fam [hombre] guy, Br bloke; [mujer] woman; [mujer joven] girl
    ♦ nm
    1. [clase] type, sort;
    no es mi tipo he's not my type;
    todo tipo de all sorts of;
    vinieron personas de todo tipo all sorts of people came;
    no me gustan las películas de ese tipo I don't like movies like that o those sorts of movies
    2. [cuerpo] [de mujer] figure;
    [de hombre] build;
    tiene muy buen tipo she has a very good body;
    Fam
    jugarse el tipo to risk one's neck;
    Fam
    aguantar o [m5] mantener el tipo to keep one's cool, not to lose one's head;
    dar el tipo to be up to standard o scratch
    3. Econ rate
    tipo básico [de interés] base rate; [de impuestos] basic rate;
    tipo de cambio exchange rate, rate of exchange;
    tipo de descuento discount rate;
    tipo impositivo tax rate;
    tipo de interés interest rate;
    tipo de interés fijo fixed interest rate;
    tipo de interés variable variable o floating interest rate;
    tipo marginal marginal rate;
    tipo mínimo minimum rate;
    tipo preferencial prime (lending) rate
    4. Imprenta type
    5. Biol type
    ♦ adj inv
    1. [estándar]
    el boliviano/la dieta tipo the average Bolivian/diet
    2.
    un pantalón tipo pitillo a pair of drainpipe trousers;
    una película tipo Rambo a Rambo-style movie
    ♦ adv
    RP Fam [aproximadamente] like;
    llegaron tipo nueve they arrived at, like, nine o'clock;
    se casó hace tipo cinco años she got married something like five years ago
    * * *
    m
    1 type, kind;
    no es mi tipo he’s not my type
    2 fam
    persona guy fam
    3 COM rate
    4
    :
    tener buen tipo de hombre be well built; de mujer have a good figure;
    jugarse el tipo fam risk one’s neck;
    aguantar el tipo fam keep one’s cool
    * * *
    tipo nm
    1) clase: type, kind, sort
    2) : figure, build, appearance
    3) : rate
    tipo de interés: interest rate
    4) : (printing) type, typeface
    5) : style, model
    un vestido tipo 60's: a 60's-style dress
    tipo, -pa n, fam : guy m, gal f, character
    * * *
    tipo n
    1. (clase) type / kind / sort
    ¿qué tipo de coche quieres? what sort of car do you want?
    2. (de mujer) figure
    es modelo, tiene buen tipo she's a model, she's got a good figure
    3. (de hombre) body
    4. (individuo) guy / bloke

    Spanish-English dictionary > tipo

  • 10 aplicar una capa base

    (n.) = prime
    Ex. Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.
    * * *
    (n.) = prime

    Ex: Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.

    Spanish-English dictionary > aplicar una capa base

  • 11 aplicar una capa de imprimación

    (n.) = prime
    Ex. Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.
    * * *
    (n.) = prime

    Ex: Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.

    Spanish-English dictionary > aplicar una capa de imprimación

  • 12 programa

    m.
    1 program.
    programa espacial space program
    programa de fiestas program of events
    2 schedule, program.
    3 program.
    programa concurso quiz (show)
    programa de humor comedy show
    4 program (computing).
    programa informático computer program
    5 cycle.
    programa de lavado wash cycle
    6 pickup.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: programar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: programar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) programme (US program)
    2 INFORMÁTICA program
    4 (plan) plan
    \
    programa electoral election manifesto, US election program
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) [de curso, actividades, TV, Radio] programme, program (EEUU)

    programa de estudios — curriculum, syllabus

    programa electoral — electoral programme, electoral program (EEUU), election manifesto

    programa nuclear — nuclear programme, nuclear program (EEUU)

    2) (Cine)
    3) (Inform) program
    4) Cono Sur * (=amorío) love affair
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Rad, TV) program*

    programa doble — (Cin) double bill, double feature

    b) ( folleto) program*
    2) (programación, plan) program*

    eso no estaba en el programa! — (fam) that wasn't part of the plan! (colloq)

    3)
    a) ( político) program*
    b) (Educ) ( de asignatura) syllabus; ( de curso) curriculum, syllabus
    4) (Inf, Elec) program*
    5) (RPl fam) ( conquista) pickup (colloq)
    * * *
    = agenda, programme [program, -USA], programme area, software program, catalogue, programme schedule.
    Ex. The session on library and information services to people with disabilities addressed on agenda developed out of the feedback from various regional groups.
    Ex. Programs are available which generate alphabetical listings, including lead-in terms, reciprocal entries, hierarchical displays and other special sections of the thesaurus.
    Ex. Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.
    Ex. In the Internet, a client is a software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.
    Ex. This discussion of present trends is based on a survey of course offerings as found in library school catalogues.
    Ex. Programme schedules are subject to change without prior notification.
    ----
    * actualización de programa informático = maintenance release.
    * archivo de programas = programme file.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * colección de programas informáticos = software library.
    * conjunto de programas = workbench, workbench.
    * demostración de programa = software demo.
    * desactivar un programa de protección = unlock + protection program(me).
    * desarrollo de programas = software development.
    * descodificar una programa de encriptación = crack + encryption software.
    * ejecución del programa = computer run.
    * elaborar un programa = draw up + program(me).
    * homologar un programa = accredit + programme.
    * paquete de programas = package.
    * paquete de programas de ordenador = software package.
    * paquete integrado de programas = software suite.
    * paquetes de programas = programme packages.
    * poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).
    * presentar un programa = present + programme.
    * programa académico = academic programme.
    * programa acelerado = crash program(me).
    * programa antivirus = antivirus software, antivirus programme.
    * programa añadido = plug-in program, plug-in.
    * programa autodidacta = tutorial, tutorial program(me).
    * programa básico = Core Programme.
    * programa bibliotecario = library program(me).
    * programa cliente = browser software, browser.
    * programa compilador = compiler.
    * programa creador de informes = report writer.
    * programa cultural = cultural programme.
    * programa de acceso a Internet = browser software.
    * programa de actividades = timetable of activities, calendar of events, events calendar.
    * programa de actuación = programme of action, action programme, action plan, operating programme.
    * programa de adultos = adult programme.
    * programa de alfabetización = literacy programme, literacy movement.
    * programa de alfabetización de adultos = adult literacy programme.
    * programa de análisis de ficheros de transacciones = log analysis software.
    * programa de búsqueda = search software, search software package.
    * programa de capacitación = training programme.
    * programa de código abierto = open source software.
    * programa de comunicaciones = communication software, communications software.
    * programa de conexión = logging programme.
    * programa de corrección ortográfica = spelling correction program.
    * programa de correo electrónico = electronic mail system.
    * programa de curso = course program(me).
    * programa de debate = talk show.
    * programa de descodificación = cracker.
    * programa de dinamización bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de doctorado = doctoral program(me), doctoral degree programme.
    * programa de dominio público = public domain software.
    * programa de edición de texto = editor.
    * programa de ejercicio físico = exercise programme.
    * programa de entrevistas = talk show.
    * programa de escritores en estancia = writers in residence programme.
    * programa de estudio = programme of study.
    * programa de estudios = course brochure, educational program(me), school program(me), study program(me), syllabus [syllabi/syllabuses, -pl.], education programme.
    * programa de estudios común = common core syllabus.
    * programa de estudios homologado = accredited programme.
    * programa de extensión bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * programa de gestión bibliográfica personal = personal bibliographic software.
    * programa de gestión bibliotecaria = library software package.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * programa de gestión de datos = database management software.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * programa de gestión documental = information retrieval software.
    * programa de gestión financiera = cash management package, cash management software.
    * programa de grabación en CD = burning software.
    * programa de humor = comedy programme.
    * programa de imitación = mimicry software.
    * programa de inserción social = Head Start program.
    * programa de intercambio = exchange programme.
    * programa de introducción a la biblioteca = library training programme.
    * programa de inversiones = investment program(me).
    * programa de investigación = research agenda.
    * programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.
    * programa de la asignatura = learning program(me).
    * programa del congreso = conference programme.
    * programa del curso = course syllabus.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * programa de marketing = marketing programme.
    * programa de mayor audiencia = prime time show, prime time programme.
    * programa de medición de los recursos usados = metering software.
    * programa de montaje de aplicaciones = software packager.
    * programa de navegación por las redes = network navigator.
    * programa de noticias = news programme.
    * programa de ordenador = computer programme.
    * programa de orientación = orientation programme.
    * programa de orientación bibliográfica = bibliographic instruction program(me).
    * programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.
    * programa de protección = protection program(me), software protection program(me).
    * programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.
    * programa de radio = radio broadcast, radio programme, radio show.
    * programa de televisión = television programme, television broadcast, television show, TV show.
    * programa de trabajo = work schedule.
    * programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency programme, residency.
    * programa de utilidades = utilities.
    * programa de viaje = travel plan.
    * programa didáctico = courseware.
    * programa educativo = educational program(me), education programme, instructional programme, learning program(me).
    * programa electoral = ticket.
    * programa en CD-ROM = CD-ROM software.
    * programa ensamblador = assembler program.
    * programa filtro = filtering software.
    * programa fuente = source programme.
    * programa fundamental = Core Programme.
    * programa gratuito = user-supported software.
    * programa informático = computer programme, software system, computer application.
    * programa informático comercial = off-the-shelf software, turnkey system, turnkey software system, pre-written software, commercial application.
    * programa informático con mantenimiento incluido = supported software.
    * programa informático hecho por encargo = tailor-made software.
    * programa integrado de gestión de bibliotecas = integrated library system (ILS), integrated library management system (ILMS).
    * programa intensivo = crash program(me).
    * programa maligno = malware, malicious software.
    * programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.
    * programa MOO (multiusuarios y orientado a objetos) = MOO (Multi-user Object Oriented) software.
    * Programa Mundial de Alimentos, el = World Food Programme, the.
    * Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).
    * Programa Nacional para las Publicaciones Seriadas (NSDP) = National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
    * programa nuclear = nuclear programme.
    * programa objeto = object program(me).
    * programa para descifrar contraseñas = password cracking programme.
    * programa para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.
    * programa para inventariar = inventory program.
    * programa personalizado = tailor-made software.
    * programa piloto = pilot program(me).
    * Programa Piloto sobre Discos Opticos = Optical Disc Pilot Program.
    * programa político = ticket.
    * programa presidencial = presidential programme.
    * programa principal = Core Programme.
    * programa puente = interface.
    * programa que se añade = add-on pack.
    * programa respiro = respite care.
    * programas básicos = basic software.
    * programas comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas de acceso = access software.
    * programas de alfabetización = literacy promotion.
    * programas de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation software.
    * programas de estudios = syllabi.
    * programas de recuperación = retrieval software.
    * programas de software libre = freeware.
    * programas distribuidos por el autor = shareware.
    * programa servidor = server software program.
    * programas espía = spyware.
    * programas espía de anuncios = adware.
    * programas HyperCard = HyperCard software.
    * programas informáticos = software, computer software.
    * programas informáticos comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas intermedios = middleware.
    * programas malignos = badware.
    * programa social = social program(me).
    * programas para la gestión de mapas = map software.
    * programas televisivos de entretenimiento = entertainment television.
    * promover un programa = launch + program(me).
    * tecla de función del programa = programme function key.
    * un paquete integrado de programas = a suite of + programmes.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Rad, TV) program*

    programa doble — (Cin) double bill, double feature

    b) ( folleto) program*
    2) (programación, plan) program*

    eso no estaba en el programa! — (fam) that wasn't part of the plan! (colloq)

    3)
    a) ( político) program*
    b) (Educ) ( de asignatura) syllabus; ( de curso) curriculum, syllabus
    4) (Inf, Elec) program*
    5) (RPl fam) ( conquista) pickup (colloq)
    * * *
    = agenda, programme [program, -USA], programme area, software program, catalogue, programme schedule.

    Ex: The session on library and information services to people with disabilities addressed on agenda developed out of the feedback from various regional groups.

    Ex: Programs are available which generate alphabetical listings, including lead-in terms, reciprocal entries, hierarchical displays and other special sections of the thesaurus.
    Ex: Now that financial stringencies were the order of the day, libraries had to compete with the more pressing needs of other programme areas, like education, social services, and housing, for dwindling resources.
    Ex: In the Internet, a client is a software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.
    Ex: This discussion of present trends is based on a survey of course offerings as found in library school catalogues.
    Ex: Programme schedules are subject to change without prior notification.
    * actualización de programa informático = maintenance release.
    * archivo de programas = programme file.
    * centro de apoyo a los programas de estudios = curriculum material center.
    * colección de programas informáticos = software library.
    * conjunto de programas = workbench, workbench.
    * demostración de programa = software demo.
    * desactivar un programa de protección = unlock + protection program(me).
    * desarrollo de programas = software development.
    * descodificar una programa de encriptación = crack + encryption software.
    * ejecución del programa = computer run.
    * elaborar un programa = draw up + program(me).
    * homologar un programa = accredit + programme.
    * paquete de programas = package.
    * paquete de programas de ordenador = software package.
    * paquete integrado de programas = software suite.
    * paquetes de programas = programme packages.
    * poner en funcionamiento un programa = implement + program(me).
    * presentar un programa = present + programme.
    * programa académico = academic programme.
    * programa acelerado = crash program(me).
    * programa antivirus = antivirus software, antivirus programme.
    * programa añadido = plug-in program, plug-in.
    * programa autodidacta = tutorial, tutorial program(me).
    * programa básico = Core Programme.
    * programa bibliotecario = library program(me).
    * programa cliente = browser software, browser.
    * programa compilador = compiler.
    * programa creador de informes = report writer.
    * programa cultural = cultural programme.
    * programa de acceso a Internet = browser software.
    * programa de actividades = timetable of activities, calendar of events, events calendar.
    * programa de actuación = programme of action, action programme, action plan, operating programme.
    * programa de adultos = adult programme.
    * programa de alfabetización = literacy programme, literacy movement.
    * programa de alfabetización de adultos = adult literacy programme.
    * programa de análisis de ficheros de transacciones = log analysis software.
    * programa de búsqueda = search software, search software package.
    * programa de capacitación = training programme.
    * programa de código abierto = open source software.
    * programa de comunicaciones = communication software, communications software.
    * programa de conexión = logging programme.
    * programa de corrección ortográfica = spelling correction program.
    * programa de correo electrónico = electronic mail system.
    * programa de curso = course program(me).
    * programa de debate = talk show.
    * programa de descodificación = cracker.
    * programa de dinamización bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de doctorado = doctoral program(me), doctoral degree programme.
    * programa de dominio público = public domain software.
    * programa de edición de texto = editor.
    * programa de ejercicio físico = exercise programme.
    * programa de entrevistas = talk show.
    * programa de escritores en estancia = writers in residence programme.
    * programa de estudio = programme of study.
    * programa de estudios = course brochure, educational program(me), school program(me), study program(me), syllabus [syllabi/syllabuses, -pl.], education programme.
    * programa de estudios común = common core syllabus.
    * programa de estudios homologado = accredited programme.
    * programa de extensión bibliotecaria = library outreach programme.
    * programa de formación = training programme, training scheme, instructional programme.
    * programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).
    * programa de gestión bibliográfica personal = personal bibliographic software.
    * programa de gestión bibliotecaria = library software package.
    * programa de gestión de bases de datos = database management software.
    * programa de gestión de datos = database management software.
    * Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).
    * programa de gestión documental = information retrieval software.
    * programa de gestión financiera = cash management package, cash management software.
    * programa de grabación en CD = burning software.
    * programa de humor = comedy programme.
    * programa de imitación = mimicry software.
    * programa de inserción social = Head Start program.
    * programa de intercambio = exchange programme.
    * programa de introducción a la biblioteca = library training programme.
    * programa de inversiones = investment program(me).
    * programa de investigación = research agenda.
    * programa + dejar de funcionar = programme + crash.
    * programa de la asignatura = learning program(me).
    * programa del congreso = conference programme.
    * programa del curso = course syllabus.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * programa de marketing = marketing programme.
    * programa de mayor audiencia = prime time show, prime time programme.
    * programa de medición de los recursos usados = metering software.
    * programa de montaje de aplicaciones = software packager.
    * programa de navegación por las redes = network navigator.
    * programa de noticias = news programme.
    * programa de ordenador = computer programme.
    * programa de orientación = orientation programme.
    * programa de orientación bibliográfica = bibliographic instruction program(me).
    * programa de prácticas en la empresa = internship program(me), internship.
    * programa de protección = protection program(me), software protection program(me).
    * programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.
    * programa de radio = radio broadcast, radio programme, radio show.
    * programa de televisión = television programme, television broadcast, television show, TV show.
    * programa de trabajo = work schedule.
    * programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency programme, residency.
    * programa de utilidades = utilities.
    * programa de viaje = travel plan.
    * programa didáctico = courseware.
    * programa educativo = educational program(me), education programme, instructional programme, learning program(me).
    * programa electoral = ticket.
    * programa en CD-ROM = CD-ROM software.
    * programa ensamblador = assembler program.
    * programa filtro = filtering software.
    * programa fuente = source programme.
    * programa fundamental = Core Programme.
    * programa gratuito = user-supported software.
    * programa informático = computer programme, software system, computer application.
    * programa informático comercial = off-the-shelf software, turnkey system, turnkey software system, pre-written software, commercial application.
    * programa informático con mantenimiento incluido = supported software.
    * programa informático hecho por encargo = tailor-made software.
    * programa integrado de gestión de bibliotecas = integrated library system (ILS), integrated library management system (ILMS).
    * programa intensivo = crash program(me).
    * programa maligno = malware, malicious software.
    * programa mixto de clases y práctica en la empresa = sandwich programme.
    * programa MOO (multiusuarios y orientado a objetos) = MOO (Multi-user Object Oriented) software.
    * Programa Mundial de Alimentos, el = World Food Programme, the.
    * Programa Nacional para las Adquisiciones y la Catalogación (NPAC) = National Program for Acquisitions and Cataloging (NPAC).
    * Programa Nacional para las Publicaciones Seriadas (NSDP) = National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
    * programa nuclear = nuclear programme.
    * programa objeto = object program(me).
    * programa para descifrar contraseñas = password cracking programme.
    * programa para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.
    * programa para inventariar = inventory program.
    * programa personalizado = tailor-made software.
    * programa piloto = pilot program(me).
    * Programa Piloto sobre Discos Opticos = Optical Disc Pilot Program.
    * programa político = ticket.
    * programa presidencial = presidential programme.
    * programa principal = Core Programme.
    * programa puente = interface.
    * programa que se añade = add-on pack.
    * programa respiro = respite care.
    * programas básicos = basic software.
    * programas comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas de acceso = access software.
    * programas de alfabetización = literacy promotion.
    * programas de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation software.
    * programas de estudios = syllabi.
    * programas de recuperación = retrieval software.
    * programas de software libre = freeware.
    * programas distribuidos por el autor = shareware.
    * programa servidor = server software program.
    * programas espía = spyware.
    * programas espía de anuncios = adware.
    * programas HyperCard = HyperCard software.
    * programas informáticos = software, computer software.
    * programas informáticos comerciales = commercial software.
    * programas intermedios = middleware.
    * programas malignos = badware.
    * programa social = social program(me).
    * programas para la gestión de mapas = map software.
    * programas televisivos de entretenimiento = entertainment television.
    * promover un programa = launch + program(me).
    * tecla de función del programa = programme function key.
    * un paquete integrado de programas = a suite of + programmes.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Rad, TV) program*
    programa doble ( Cin) double bill, double feature
    Compuestos:
    quiz show
    talk show, chat show ( BrE)
    B (programación, plan) program*
    tuvo un programa de visitas muy apretado he had a very tight program o schedule
    el que viniera con su madre no estaba en el programa ( hum); I hadn't bargained on her mother coming along with her, it wasn't part of the plan for her to bring her mother
    me toca quedarme con los niños ¡mira qué programa! ( iró); I have to stay at home and mind the kids … what a wonderful prospect! ( iro)
    no tengo programa para mañana I don't have anything planned o ( colloq) I've nothing on tomorrow
    C
    1 (de medidas) program*
    su programa electoral their election manifesto
    2 ( Educ) (de una materia) syllabus; (de un curso) curriculum, syllabus
    D
    1 ( Inf) program*
    2 ( Elec) program*
    Compuestos:
    ( Inf) spyware
    source program
    E ( RPl fam) (conquista) pickup ( colloq), bit of stuff ( BrE colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo programar: ( conjugate programar)

    programa es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    programa    
    programar
    programa sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) (Rad, TV) program( conjugate program);


    programa de entrevistas chat show
    b) ( folleto) program( conjugate program)

    2 (programación, plan) program( conjugate program)
    3
    a) ( político) program( conjugate program);


    b) (Educ) ( de asignatura) syllabus;

    ( de curso) curriculum, syllabus
    4 (Inf, Elec) program( conjugate program)
    programar ( conjugate programar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) (Rad, TV) to schedule

    b) ‹actividades/eventos› to plan, draw up a program( conjugate program) for;

    ‹horario/fecha› to schedule, program( conjugate program);
    ‹ viaje› to organize
    c) (Transp) ‹llegadas/salidas› to schedule, timetable (BrE)

    2 (Inf) to program
    programa sustantivo masculino
    1 (de radio, televisión) programme
    programa concurso, quiz show
    2 (plan, proyecto) programme, schedule
    programa electoral, election manifesto
    3 (de estudios) curriculum
    4 Inform program
    Recuerda que en Estados Unidos se escribe program, mientras que los británicos prefieren la grafía programme, a menos que se trate de un programa informático.
    programar verbo transitivo
    1 (actividades, eventos) to programme, draw up a programme for: han programado un ciclo de cine portugués, they've programmed a series of Portuguese films
    2 (un aparato) to set, programme: no sé programar el vídeo, I don't know how to program the VCR
    3 (radio, televisión) to schedule
    (medios de transporte, entradas/salidas) to schedule, timetable
    4 Inform to program
    ' programa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    estival
    - informática
    - informático
    - interactivo
    - intermedia
    - intermedio
    - ofensa
    - presentar
    - presentación
    - ribete
    - sintonía
    - suspender
    - agenda
    - ágil
    - amplio
    - animador
    - animar
    - apretado
    - audiencia
    - azafata
    - calendario
    - conducción
    - conducir
    - conductor
    - consagrar
    - cortar
    - delinear
    - didáctico
    - documental
    - echar
    - educativo
    - emisión
    - emitir
    - enlatado
    - espacio
    - fascinar
    - infantil
    - informativo
    - instalar
    - mirar
    - nacional
    - noticia
    - piloto
    - plan
    - poner
    - popular
    - recargar
    - repetición
    - repetir
    - transmisión
    English:
    air
    - austerity
    - bootleg
    - chat show
    - close
    - computer program
    - fluff
    - hand-out
    - informative
    - intercultural
    - introduce
    - introduction
    - live
    - manifesto
    - master
    - news programme
    - overrun
    - phone-in
    - pilot programme
    - platform
    - prerecord
    - present
    - program
    - programme
    - rehearsal
    - run
    - run over
    - schedule
    - screen
    - shorten
    - show
    - special
    - support
    - switch off
    - syllabus
    - talk-show
    - television programme
    - bill
    - blue
    - broadcast
    - chat
    - credit
    - curriculum
    - flag
    - further
    - game
    - look
    - magazine
    - Medicaid
    - Medicare
    * * *
    1. [de radio, televisión] programme
    programa concurso game show;
    2. [de lavadora, lavavajillas] cycle
    programa de lavado wash cycle
    3. [proyecto] programme
    programa de creación de empleo job creation scheme;
    programa espacial space programme;
    programa de intercambio exchange (programme)
    4. [folleto] programme
    programa de mano programme
    5. [de actividades] schedule, programme;
    ¿cuál es el programa para esta tarde? [¿qué hacemos?] what's the plan for this afternoon?;
    Hum
    la tormenta no estaba en el programa the storm wasn't part of the programme, the storm wasn't supposed to happen
    programa de fiestas programme of events [during annual town festival]
    6. [de curso, asignatura] syllabus
    7. Informát program
    programa de maquetación page layout program
    8. programa libre [en patinaje artístico] free skating
    9. RP Fam [ligue] pick-up;
    empezaron a llegar, cada uno con su programa they began to arrive, each with his or her pick-up
    * * *
    m
    1 TV, RAD program, Br
    programme;
    programa de mano de concierto program, Br programme
    2 INFOR program
    3 EDU syllabus, curriculum
    * * *
    1) : program
    2) : plan
    3)
    programa de estudios : curriculum
    * * *
    1. (de televisión, radio) programme
    ¿cuál es tu programa preferido? what's your favourite programme?
    2. (de ordenador) program
    3. (de asignatura) syllabus

    Spanish-English dictionary > programa

  • 13 enojar

    v.
    1 to anger (irritar). (especially Latin American Spanish)
    2 to make angry, to irritate, to anger, to make mad.
    Nosotros contrariamos a su padre We annoy his father.
    * * *
    1 to anger, annoy, make angry
    1 to get angry ( con, with), get annoyed ( con, with), lose one's temper ( con, with)
    \
    enojarse por algo to get angry about something
    * * *
    esp LAm
    1.
    VT (=encolerizar) to anger; (=molestar) to upset, annoy
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo (esp AmL) to make... angry; ( en menor grado) to annoy
    2.
    enojarse v pron (esp AmL) to get angry, get mad (esp AmE colloq); ( en menor grado) to get annoyed, get cross (BrE colloq)

    enojarse con algo — to get angry/annoyed with somebody

    * * *
    = cause + anger, cross, irritate, antagonise [antagonize, -USA], rub + Nombre + up the wrong way, rattle, roil, gall, rile, peeve, enrage, exasperate, raise + Posesivo + hackles.
    Ex. The decision to introduce payments for ILL in Australia has caused much concern and a lot of anger.
    Ex. There's more to it than that - he becomes vicious, cutting people up behind their backs if they cross him in any way.
    Ex. Their education must accordingly be designed to prepare them for that future, however much this may irritate the myopics whose only concern is for the present.
    Ex. Researchers expect librarians to be factually knowledgeable, welcoming, helpful and supportive rather than 'weird', 'snooty' or 'easily antagonized'.
    Ex. Relations between the two countries would now be difficult as our Prime Minister had rubbed theirs up the wrong way over ridiculous matters.
    Ex. The rumours of his departure rattled the talented youngster a little bit.
    Ex. Episcopalians were roiled by the approval of a rector outspokenly conservative on such matters as the liturgy, the hymnal and ordination.
    Ex. It was the American attitude of superiority that galled them the most.
    Ex. Now is not the time for superfluous rantings intended to rile the public.
    Ex. Things like talking over the performances and cutting to commercials in the middle of performances were really peaving the people who watched.
    Ex. On a recent field trip, he drank too much and became enraged with another student by whom he felt insulted.
    Ex. Radical intellectuals often seem exasperated by what appears as excessive attention paid to conceptualization.
    Ex. But be prepared to raise some hackles if you take this approach, because it is essential you do it openly and not behind your boss' back.
    ----
    * enojarse = become + chagrined, grow + irritable, lose + Posesivo + temper, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, get + angry.
    * enojarse con Alguien = vent + Posesivo + spleen (on).
    * enojarse por = be irritated by/at.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo (esp AmL) to make... angry; ( en menor grado) to annoy
    2.
    enojarse v pron (esp AmL) to get angry, get mad (esp AmE colloq); ( en menor grado) to get annoyed, get cross (BrE colloq)

    enojarse con algo — to get angry/annoyed with somebody

    * * *
    = cause + anger, cross, irritate, antagonise [antagonize, -USA], rub + Nombre + up the wrong way, rattle, roil, gall, rile, peeve, enrage, exasperate, raise + Posesivo + hackles.

    Ex: The decision to introduce payments for ILL in Australia has caused much concern and a lot of anger.

    Ex: There's more to it than that - he becomes vicious, cutting people up behind their backs if they cross him in any way.
    Ex: Their education must accordingly be designed to prepare them for that future, however much this may irritate the myopics whose only concern is for the present.
    Ex: Researchers expect librarians to be factually knowledgeable, welcoming, helpful and supportive rather than 'weird', 'snooty' or 'easily antagonized'.
    Ex: Relations between the two countries would now be difficult as our Prime Minister had rubbed theirs up the wrong way over ridiculous matters.
    Ex: The rumours of his departure rattled the talented youngster a little bit.
    Ex: Episcopalians were roiled by the approval of a rector outspokenly conservative on such matters as the liturgy, the hymnal and ordination.
    Ex: It was the American attitude of superiority that galled them the most.
    Ex: Now is not the time for superfluous rantings intended to rile the public.
    Ex: Things like talking over the performances and cutting to commercials in the middle of performances were really peaving the people who watched.
    Ex: On a recent field trip, he drank too much and became enraged with another student by whom he felt insulted.
    Ex: Radical intellectuals often seem exasperated by what appears as excessive attention paid to conceptualization.
    Ex: But be prepared to raise some hackles if you take this approach, because it is essential you do it openly and not behind your boss' back.
    * enojarse = become + chagrined, grow + irritable, lose + Posesivo + temper, get + Posesivo + knickers in a twist, get + Posesivo + knickers in a bundle, get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, get + angry.
    * enojarse con Alguien = vent + Posesivo + spleen (on).
    * enojarse por = be irritated by/at.

    * * *
    enojar [A1 ]
    vt
    ( esp AmL) to make … angry; (en menor grado) to annoy
    me enojan mucho estas injusticias I get very angry at these injustices, these injustices make me very angry
    esto enojó al gobierno francés this angered the French government
    ( esp AmL) to get angry, get mad ( AmE colloq); (en menor grado) to get annoyed, get cross ( BrE colloq)
    no te enojes conmigo don't get angry with o mad at me, don't get annoyed o cross with me
    se enojó porque le habían mentido he got annoyed/angry because they had lied to him
    * * *

     

    enojar ( conjugate enojar) verbo transitivo (esp AmL) to make … angry;
    ( en menor grado) to annoy
    enojarse verbo pronominal (esp AmL) to get angry, get mad (esp AmE colloq);
    ( en menor grado) to get annoyed, get cross (BrE colloq);
    enojarse con algn to get angry/annoyed with sb
    enojar verbo transitivo to anger, annoy
    ' enojar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    sublevar
    - arrechar
    - calentar
    - chorear
    - contrariar
    - enfadar
    - exaltar
    - excitar
    English:
    anger
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    [irritar] to anger; [molestar] to annoy;
    consiguió enojar a todo el mundo con sus impertinencias she managed to annoy everybody with her cheeky remarks
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( molestar) annoy
    2 L.Am. ( encolerizar) make angry
    * * *
    enojar vt
    1) : to anger
    2) : to annoy, to upset
    * * *
    enojar vb to annoy

    Spanish-English dictionary > enojar

  • 14 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

  • 15 цель

    сущ.
    1. aim; 2. target; 3. purpose; 4. object; 5. objective; 6. goal; 7. end; 8. point
    Русское существительное цель многозначно и относится как к физической, так и к интеллектуальной сферам деятельности, не указывает на конкретные причины, называющие цель и желаемый результат. В английском же языке эквиваленты, напротив, содержат в себе указание на причины, характер самой цели и желаемый результат.
    1. aim — (существительное aim многозначно и соответствует двум значениям русского слова цель): a) цель, прицел, прицеливание, линия прицела: to take aim — прицеливаться; to miss the aim — промахнуться/не попасть в цель; to hit the aim — попасть в цель My aim wasn't very good and the ball went over the fence. — Я плохо прицелился, и мяч улетел через забор. What part of the target are you taking aim at? — В какую часть мишени ты целишься? Не quickly regained his balance, took aim, and fired. — Он быстро вновь обрел равновесие, прицелился и выстрелил. b) цель, намерение, план, планы, стремление, замыслы (то что вы надеетесь достичь, приложив усилия): sinister aims — зловещие замыслы; ambicious aims — честолюбивые планы The aim of the project is to help patients to be more independent. — Цель этого проекта — помочь пациентам стать более самостоятельными. The group was committed to achieving its aims through peaceful means. — Группа стремится к достижению своих целей мирными средствами. The council's aim is to improve services and cut costs. — Цель комитета — улучшить обслуживание и сократить расходы. The course's aim is to train students to develop their communicative skills. — Цель курса — помочь студентам развить их коммуникативные навыки.
    2. target — (существительное target многозначно; используется в прямом смысле как объект атаки/нападения, а также и в метафорическом, переносном смысле: цель деятельности): a) цель, мишень (при стрельбе, в спорте, игре), объект для нападения, объект для критики, объект для насмешек и т. д.: Few players managed to get their shots on target. — Мало кто из игроков смог послать мяч в цель./Мало кто из игроков смог послать стрелу в цель. Foreigners have become targets for attack by terrorists. — Иностранцы стали объектом нападения террористов. The house was left vacant and therefore a target for vandals. — Оставленный пустым дом стал объектом нападения вандалов./Оставленный пустым дом стал объектом нападения хулиганов. His war records became a target for his enemies. — Его военные заслуги сделали его мишенью для нападок недоброжелателей. b) заданная цель, поставленная задача ( часто выраженная в деньгах): prime target — приоритетная задача; to set a target — ставить цель/поставить задачу; to meet a target — достичь цели Target for the appeal is $20.000 for children's charities. — Цель обращения — собрать двадцать тысяч долларов на благотворительные цели для нуждающихся детей. The magazine has a target readership of half a million people. — Журнал ставит своей целью достичь полумиллионного тиража. We think teenagers are a prime target for the anti-smoking campaign. — Нам кажется, что основным объектом кампании против курения являются подростки.
    3. purpose — цель ( предполагает получение желаемого результата путем конкретных действий): specific (definite, unchanging, common, essential, temporary) purpose — особая (ясная, неизменная, общая, основная, временная) цель; in/with didactic/educational (patriotic, propagandistic) purposes — в воспитательных (патриотических, пропагандистских) целях; the sole purpose of doing it — единственная цель этих действий; to pursue a purpose — преследовать цель The author's purpose in writing this book was to draw attention to the problems of homeless children. — Автор написал эту книгу с целью привлечь внимание к судьбе/проблемам бездомных детей. The purpose of his tour is to attend the conference. — Цель его поездки — участие в конференции. The purpose of this dictionary is to help students of English. — Цель этого словаря — помочь изучающим английский язык./Задача этого словаря — помочь изучающим английский язык. Her sole purpose in being here was to kill some time. — Единственной целью ее прихода сюда было убить время. You must decide which method suits your purpose best. — Вы должны решить, какой метод наиболее соответствует вашей цели.
    4. object — цель, конечная цель (нечто, что вы планируете достичь, особенно труднодостижимое; употребляется только в единственном числе): the object of the exercise — цель ( любого) действия His object was to gain time until help could arrive. — У него была одна цель — выиграть время, пока не придет помощь. The object of the research is to find a cure for this illness. — Цель этого исследования — найти средство от этой болезни. In this game the object is to score as many points as you can in the time given. — Цель этой игры — набрать как можно больше очков в заданное время.
    5. objective — цель, задача, стремление (конечный результат, на который направлена вся деятельность; употребляется в основном в ситуациях, связанных с бизнесом и политикой): key objective — основная цель; primary/prime/principal objective — основная цель/важная цель; overriding objective — первостепенная цель/ приоритетная цель; ultimate objective — конечная цель; to accomplish/to achieve/to attain an objective — достигать цели; to fulfill/to meet/to reach one's objectives — выполнить задуманное/выполнить за планированное/ довести задуманное до конца/достигнуть цели I am not sure I understand the objective of this exercise. — Я не совсем понимаю цель этой деятельности. The main objective for unions should still be to safeguard the wages and conditions of their members. — Основной целью профсоюзов должны оставаться недопущение понижения зарплаты и ухудшения условий труда. One of the objectives behind the current advertising compaign is to increase sales overseas. — Одна из целей проводимой рекламной кампании — увеличение продаж за рубежом. This company is constantly failing to achieve its objectives. — Эта фирма почти никогда не добивается своих целей.
    6. goal — цель, задачи, планы, стремления, перспективы на будущее ( обозначает планы — личные или общественные — как ориентир для дальнейшего развития, даже если на достижение их потребуется длительный период): definite (ultimate, desired, stimulating) goal — четкие (конечные, желаемые, стимулирующие/придающие мотивированность деятельности) планы/четкие (конечные, желаемые, стимулирующие/придающие мотивированность деятельности) задачи/четкие (конечные, желаемые, стимулирующие/придающие мотивированность деятельности) цели; veiled (vague, illusory, mysterious) goal — неясные (туманные, иллюзорные, загадочные) цели/иеясные (туманные, иллюзорные, загадочные) перспективы; luminous (glittering, common, traditional, selfsame) goal — сияющие (манящие, обычные, общепринятые, неизменные) цели/сияющие (манящие, обычные, общепринятые, неизменные) планы/сияющие (манящие, обычные, общепринятые, неизменные) задачи; to achieve/to attain (to cherish, to gain, to realize) goal (s) — достигать (лелеять, добиваться, реализовать/воплощать) цели Our goal is to provide a good standard of medical care. — Наша цель — добиваться высокого уровня медицинского обслуживания. You should set goals for yourself at the beginning of each school year. — Ежегодно в начале учебного года следует ставить перед собой цели на этот год./Ежегодно в начале учебного года следует продумывать, чего ты хотел бы достичь в предстоящем году. More motivation can be created if the children have definite goals toward which they can work. — Если перед детьми стоят ясные цели, их работа может быть более мотивированной./Если перед детьми стоят ясные цели, их работа может быть более осмысленной. Our goal is to radically reduce unemployment within five years. — Наша цель — радикально сократить уровень безработицы в течение следующих пяти лет./Наша задача — радикально сократить уровень безработицы в ближайшие пять лет.
    7. end — конечная цель (в данном значении end употребляется только во множественном числе, предполагает корыстные устремления/ цели/интересы, часто нечестные средства их достижения): selfish (personal, sordid/dirty, petty, shameful, disastrous) ends — эгоистические (личные, грязные, низменные, постыдные, губительные) цели/эгоистические (личные, грязные, низменные, постыдные, губительные) интересы/эгоистические (личные, грязные, низменные, постыдные, губительные) устремления; political (commercial) ends — политические (коммерческие/торговые) соображения/политические (коммерческие/торговые) цели The demonstrators' ends do not justify their means. — Цели демонстрантов не оправдывают используемые ими средства. Racial tension in the country is exaggerated for political ends. — Напряженность расовых отношений в стране преувеличивается в политических целях./Напряженность расовых отношений в стране раздувается в политических целях. She used people for her own ends. — Она пользовалась людьми в своих корыстных целях. Business manipulates political issues for commercial ends. — Бизнес тенденциозно манипулирует политическими вопросами для достижении своих коммерческих целей.
    8. point — цель, задача, смысл (в данном значении используется только в единственном числе; употребляется для разъяснения стоящих задач, смысла деятельности): crucial (focal, fundamenial, important, key, main) point — решающая (центральная, основная, ключевая, важная, приоритетная) цель (чего-либо); to illustrate one's point — пояснять свои цели/проиллюстрировать смысл своей деятельности; to prove one's point —доказывать смысл своей деятельности/доказывать цель своей деятельности The point of these events is to raise money for children in need. — Цель этих действий — собрать деньги для нуждающихся детей. What's the point in keeping all these clothes that the children have grown out of? — Какой толк хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли?/Какой смысл хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли?/Зачем хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли?/ С какой целью хранить всю эту одежду, из которой дети давно выросли? I'm sorry, I just don't see the point of doing this. — Простите, но я не понимаю, зачем надо это делать./Простите, но я не вижу смысла, зачем надо это делать. I see no point discussing this any further. — Я не вижу смысла обсуждать дальше этот вопрос/Бесцельно обсуждать дальше этот вопрос./Бессмысленно обсуждать дальше этот вопрос. What's the point? — Зачем?/С какой целью? цивилизованный — civilized — см. культурный(о стране или обществе)

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > цель

  • 16 variedad

    f.
    1 variety.
    2 strain, variety, stock.
    * * *
    1 (diversidad) variety, diversity
    2 (clase, tipo) variety
    1 (espectáculo) variety show sing
    \
    en la variedad está el gusto variety is the spice of life
    * * *
    noun f.
    variety, diversity
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=diversidad) variety
    2) (Bio) variety
    3) pl variedades (Teat) variety show [sing]

    teatro de variedades — variety theatre, music hall, vaudeville theater (EEUU)

    * * *
    a) ( diversidad) variety
    b) (clase, especie) variety
    c) variedades femenino plural (Espec) vaudeville (AmE), variety (BrE)
    * * *
    = breadth, breadth and depth, diversity, variety, varietal, gamut, latitude, choice, smorgasbord, range, strain.
    Ex. Legal bibliographies are prime research tools as they provide the breadth and background that might otherwise be unavailable.
    Ex. Stock breadth and depth and reader groups must also be considered.
    Ex. Given the diversity of filing practices, it is important to recognise the most common filing dilemmas.
    Ex. Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.
    Ex. The primary aim was to identify chemists who are experts in the agricultural production of plants and their varietal selection and the extraction of oils and balms from these plants.
    Ex. This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.
    Ex. Rules and procedures are firm, while policies, as guides, allow for latitude in their use.
    Ex. The most noticeable effect the advent of Islam had on Arab names was not so much on structure as on choice.
    Ex. The article 'Teaching reference by the smorgasbord method' describes in detail the 6 component features of teaching reference work.
    Ex. It is unavoidable in such cases that provision will be less adequate in range, balance, colleciton size or physical quality for a language in which little is published.
    Ex. The dynamism of a continent-wide free society drawn from many strains depended on more people having access to more knowledge to be used in more ways = El dinamismo de una sociedad continental libre compuesta de muchas razas dependía de que un mayor número de personas tuviera acceso a un mayor conocimiento para que se utilizara de más formas diferentes.
    ----
    * aumentar en variedad = grow in + kind.
    * en la variedad está el gusto = variety is the spice of life.
    * teatro de variedades = variety theatre, vaudeville.
    * una amplia variedad de = a wide range of, a broad range of.
    * una espléndida variedad de = a panoply of.
    * una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.
    * una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.
    * una mayor variedad de = a wider canvas of.
    * una variedad de = a range of, a variety of, an array of, an assortment of, a spectrum of, a menu of, a diversity of, a palette of.
    * una variedad muy rica de = a treasure of.
    * variedad de colores = variegation.
    * variedad de, la = range of, the.
    * variedad de + Nombre = breadth of + Nombre.
    * * *
    a) ( diversidad) variety
    b) (clase, especie) variety
    c) variedades femenino plural (Espec) vaudeville (AmE), variety (BrE)
    * * *
    = breadth, breadth and depth, diversity, variety, varietal, gamut, latitude, choice, smorgasbord, range, strain.

    Ex: Legal bibliographies are prime research tools as they provide the breadth and background that might otherwise be unavailable.

    Ex: Stock breadth and depth and reader groups must also be considered.
    Ex: Given the diversity of filing practices, it is important to recognise the most common filing dilemmas.
    Ex: Current trends favour cataloguing practices which can be applied to a variety of library materials.
    Ex: The primary aim was to identify chemists who are experts in the agricultural production of plants and their varietal selection and the extraction of oils and balms from these plants.
    Ex: This gamut of information presents the indexer and user with problems in choosing access points for conference proceedings.
    Ex: Rules and procedures are firm, while policies, as guides, allow for latitude in their use.
    Ex: The most noticeable effect the advent of Islam had on Arab names was not so much on structure as on choice.
    Ex: The article 'Teaching reference by the smorgasbord method' describes in detail the 6 component features of teaching reference work.
    Ex: It is unavoidable in such cases that provision will be less adequate in range, balance, colleciton size or physical quality for a language in which little is published.
    Ex: The dynamism of a continent-wide free society drawn from many strains depended on more people having access to more knowledge to be used in more ways = El dinamismo de una sociedad continental libre compuesta de muchas razas dependía de que un mayor número de personas tuviera acceso a un mayor conocimiento para que se utilizara de más formas diferentes.
    * aumentar en variedad = grow in + kind.
    * en la variedad está el gusto = variety is the spice of life.
    * teatro de variedades = variety theatre, vaudeville.
    * una amplia variedad de = a wide range of, a broad range of.
    * una espléndida variedad de = a panoply of.
    * una gran cantidad y variedad de = a wealth and breadth of.
    * una gran variedad de = a wide range of, a multiplicity of, a rich tapestry of, a plurality of, a broad variety of, a broad range of, a whole gamut of.
    * una mayor variedad de = a wider canvas of.
    * una variedad de = a range of, a variety of, an array of, an assortment of, a spectrum of, a menu of, a diversity of, a palette of.
    * una variedad muy rica de = a treasure of.
    * variedad de colores = variegation.
    * variedad de, la = range of, the.
    * variedad de + Nombre = breadth of + Nombre.

    * * *
    1 (diversidad) variety
    en este tema hay variedad de opiniones there are a variety of opinions on this subject, people hold many different o very different views on this subject
    en la variedad está el gusto or (Col, Ven) el placer variety is the spice of life
    2 (clase, especie) variety
    3 variedades fpl ( Espec) vaudeville ( AmE), variety ( BrE)
    espectáculo de variedades vaudeville o variety show
    teatro de variedades vaudeville theater, variety theatre
    * * *

     

    variedad sustantivo femenino

    b)

    ◊ variedades sustantivo femenino plural (Espec) vaudeville (AmE), variety (BrE)

    variedad sustantivo femenino
    1 variety
    una gran variedad de opiniones, a wide range o variety of opinions
    2 (espectáculo) variedades, variety show, US vaudeville
    ' variedad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    extensa
    - extenso
    - variada
    - variado
    - miscelánea
    - riqueza
    English:
    array
    - assortment
    - romaine lettuce
    - strain
    - variety
    - breed
    - drug
    - engage
    - vary
    - wide
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [diversidad] variety;
    hay gran variedad de modelos there is a wide variety of models
    2. [de planta] variety;
    [de animal] breed
    ♦ variedades nfpl
    Teatro variety, Br music hall;
    artista de variedades Br variety o US vaudeville artist
    * * *
    f variety;
    variedades pl vaudeville sg, Br variety sg
    * * *
    diversidad: variety, diversity
    * * *
    variedad n variety [pl. varieties]

    Spanish-English dictionary > variedad

  • 17 perrera

    f.
    1 kennels (place).
    2 dogcatcher's van.
    3 kennel, dog pound, pound, doghouse.
    4 police van, paddy-wagon.
    * * *
    1 (lugar) dog pound
    2 (vehículo) dog-catcher's van
    \
    perrera municipal dog pound
    * * *
    SF
    1) [para perros callejeros] dog pound; [para perros con dueño] kennels pl, kennel (EEUU)
    2) (=furgoneta) dogcatcher's van
    3) Chile * (=rabieta) tantrum
    4) Caribe (=pelea) row, shindy
    5) [en el trabajo] grind
    perrero
    * * *
    a) ( lugar) dog pound, dog's home
    b) ( vehículo) dog catcher's van
    * * *
    = animal shelter, pound, boarding kennel, kennel, doghouse, dog pound.
    Ex. Many adult dogs adopted from animal shelters were house-trained in their previous homes.
    Ex. The maximum time an animal can be kept in a pound is determined by considerations such as available space and the likelihood of adoption.
    Ex. Boarding kennels though are not cheap -- placing your dog in one for a week could cost as much as £140.
    Ex. Animals must have enough room to stand up and turn around, and each species must have its own kennel.
    Ex. Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.
    Ex. You can also send monetary donations to the address below, please mark your envelope ' dog pound'.
    ----
    * perrera municipal = dog pound.
    * propietario de perrera = poundkeeper.
    * * *
    a) ( lugar) dog pound, dog's home
    b) ( vehículo) dog catcher's van
    * * *
    = animal shelter, pound, boarding kennel, kennel, doghouse, dog pound.

    Ex: Many adult dogs adopted from animal shelters were house-trained in their previous homes.

    Ex: The maximum time an animal can be kept in a pound is determined by considerations such as available space and the likelihood of adoption.
    Ex: Boarding kennels though are not cheap -- placing your dog in one for a week could cost as much as £140.
    Ex: Animals must have enough room to stand up and turn around, and each species must have its own kennel.
    Ex: Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.
    Ex: You can also send monetary donations to the address below, please mark your envelope ' dog pound'.
    * perrera municipal = dog pound.
    * propietario de perrera = poundkeeper.

    * * *
    1 (lugar) dog pound, dog's home
    2 (vehículo) dog catcher's van, dog warden's van ( BrE)
    * * *

    perrera sustantivo femenino


    perrera sustantivo femenino kennel, dog's home
    ' perrera' also found in these entries:
    English:
    doghouse
    - kennel
    - pound
    - home
    * * *
    1. [lugar] kennels
    perrera municipal Br lost dogs' home, US dog pound, dog shelter
    2. [vehículo] dogcatcher's van
    3. Méx [caseta] kennel, US doghouse
    * * *
    f
    1 sitio dog pound, Br
    dogs’ home
    2 furgoneta dog catcher’s van, Br
    dog warden’s van
    m, perrera f dog catcher, Br
    dog warden
    * * *
    : kennel, dog pound
    * * *
    perrera n dog pound

    Spanish-English dictionary > perrera

  • 18 mayor

    adj.
    1 bigger.
    2 grown-up (adulto).
    cuando sea mayor when I grow up
    ser mayor de edad to be an adult
    3 older (no joven).
    una mujer mayor an older woman
    ser muy mayor to be very old
    4 main (principal) (plaza, calle, palo).
    5 major, main, chief, leading.
    f. & m.
    1 major (military).
    2 head.
    * * *
    1 (comparativo) bigger, greater, larger; (persona) older; (hermanos, hijos) elder, older
    2 (superlativo) biggest, greatest, largest; (persona) oldest; (hermanos, hijos) eldest, oldest
    3 (de edad) mature, elderly
    4 (adulto) grown-up
    ■ ya eres mayor, así que defiéndete tú solo you are old enough to stand up for yourself now
    6 MÚSICA major
    1 MILITAR major
    1 (adultos) grown-ups, adults; (antepasados) ancestors
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino el/la mayor
    1 (entre varios) the oldest; (entre hermanos, hijos) the eldest, the oldest
    \
    al por mayor wholesale
    hacerse mayor to grow up
    no ir/pasar a mayores not to come to anything, not to be anything serious
    ser mayor de edad to be of age
    calle mayor high street, US main street
    * * *
    1. noun mf. 2. adj.
    1) main, major
    2) bigger, biggest
    3) larger, largest
    4) greater, greatest
    5) elder, oldest
    •
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [comparativo]
    a) (=más grande)

    un mayor número de visitantes — a larger o greater number of visitors, more visitors

    son temas de mayor importancia — they are more important issues, they are issues of greater importance

    • la mayor parte de los ciudadanos — most citizens

    • ser mayor que algo, mi casa es mayor que la suya — my house is bigger o larger than his

    b) (=de más edad) older

    • mayor que algn — older than sb

    vivió con un hombre muchos años mayor que ella — she lived with a man many years her senior, she lived with a man who was several years older than her

    2) [superlativo]
    a) (=más grande)

    esta es la mayor iglesia del mundo — this is the biggest o largest church in the world

    su mayor problema — his biggest o greatest problem

    su mayor enemigo — his biggest o greatest enemy

    b) (=de más edad) oldest

    mi hijo (el) mayor — my oldest o eldest son

    3) (=principal) [plaza, mástil] main; [altar, misa] high

    calle mayor — high street, main street (EEUU)

    colegio 1), libro 2)
    4) (=adulto) grown-up, adult

    las personas mayores — grown-ups, adults

    • ser mayor de edad — to be of age

    • hacerse mayor — to grow up

    5) (=de edad avanzada) old, elderly
    6) (=jefe) head antes de s
    7) (Mús) major
    2. SMF
    1) (=adulto) grown-up, adult

    mayor de edad — adult, person who is legally of age

    2) (=anciano)

    ¡más respeto con los mayores! — be more respectful to your elders (and betters)!

    3) LAm (Mil) major
    3.
    SM

    • al por mayor — wholesale

    repartir golpes al por mayor — to throw punches left, right and centre

    * * *
    I
    1)

    a la mayor brevedad posible — (Corresp) as soon as possible o (frml) at your earliest convenience

    la mayor parte de los estudiantes — most students, the majority of students

    2) ( en edad)
    a) ( comparativo) older

    ¿tienes hermanos mayores? — do you have any older o elder brothers or sisters?

    mi hijo mayor — my eldest o oldest son

    c) ( anciano) elderly
    d) ( adulto)

    ser mayor de edad — (Der) to be of age

    no pasar or llegar a mayores: tuvo un novio, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores she had a boyfriend, but it didn't come to anything; afortunadamente la cosa no llegó a mayores — fortunately it was nothing serious

    4) ( en nombres) ( principal) main

    Calle Mayor — Main Street ( in US), High Street ( in UK)

    5) (Mús) major
    6) (Com)
    II
    masculino y femenino
    1) ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq)

    mis/tus mayores — my/your elders

    2) mayor masculino (AmL) (Mil) major
    * * *
    I
    1)

    a la mayor brevedad posible — (Corresp) as soon as possible o (frml) at your earliest convenience

    la mayor parte de los estudiantes — most students, the majority of students

    2) ( en edad)
    a) ( comparativo) older

    ¿tienes hermanos mayores? — do you have any older o elder brothers or sisters?

    mi hijo mayor — my eldest o oldest son

    c) ( anciano) elderly
    d) ( adulto)

    ser mayor de edad — (Der) to be of age

    no pasar or llegar a mayores: tuvo un novio, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores she had a boyfriend, but it didn't come to anything; afortunadamente la cosa no llegó a mayores — fortunately it was nothing serious

    4) ( en nombres) ( principal) main

    Calle Mayor — Main Street ( in US), High Street ( in UK)

    5) (Mús) major
    6) (Com)
    II
    masculino y femenino
    1) ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq)

    mis/tus mayores — my/your elders

    2) mayor masculino (AmL) (Mil) major
    * * *
    mayor1
    1 = senior, elderly, eldest.

    Ex: If we instruct it to ponder this question more leisurely, it will quickly try the user's patience with digressions concerning the less illustrious senior MOZART, LEOPOLD.

    Ex: To the general public 'the female librarian is still angular, elderly, acidulous and terrifying', to use Geoffrey Langley's words, 'and a male librarian is impossible under any hypothesis'.
    Ex: When her eldest son developed a glaucoma she became aware of the lack of suitable books.
    * apto para mayores de 13 años o menores acompañados = PG-13.
    * asistencia social para los mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * centro de día para mayores = day centre for the elderly.
    * cuidado de los mayores = kinkeeping.
    * cuidados de los mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * cuidados para personas mayores = elderly care, elder care [eldercare].
    * familiar que cuida de los mayores = kinkeeper.
    * gente mayor = elderly people.
    * hombre mayor = elderly man.
    * mayor de 25 años = mature adult.
    * mayores, los = elderly, the.
    * muy mayor = over the hill.
    * pesonas mayores = elderly people.
    * ser mayor = be older.

    mayor2
    2 = largest, greater, heightened, increased.

    Ex: Together they constitute the world's largest data base.

    Ex: The likelihood of data transmission errors is greater, however, and it is not recommended for constant use.
    Ex: The heightened level of community awareness has led some local authorities to take the initiative and to become information disseminators in their own right.
    Ex: Information networks are critical tools to ensure the exchange, transfer, and use of information which will facilitate the increased quality and quantity of agricultural production.
    * admitir un número de reservas mayor a las plazas existentes = overbook.
    * alcanzar mayores cotas = rise to + greater heights.
    * al por mayor = in bulk.
    * cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.
    * cada vez mayor = escalating, ever-growing, ever-increasing, expanded, growing, increasing, mounting, rising, spiralling [spiraling, -USA], deepening, rapidly growing, expanding, constantly rising, swelling, ever larger [ever-larger], galloping, steadily rising, steadily growing, mushrooming, ever greater, rapidly expanding, ever-widening, burgeoning, heightening.
    * cada vez mucho mayor = fast-increasing, exploding.
    * calle mayor, la = main street, the.
    * causa de fuerza mayor = act of God.
    * colegio mayor = residence hall, dormitory [dorm, -abbr.], student residence.
    * comprar al por mayor = buy + in bulk.
    * con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.
    * con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * con mayor detalle = in greater detail.
    * con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.
    * con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].
    * dar mayor importancia a = give + pride of place to.
    * demasiado mayor en relación con Algo = overage.
    * demasiado mayor para su curso = overage for grade.
    * de mayor edad = senior.
    * de mayor o menor importancia = great and small.
    * desajuste cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * descuento por compra al por mayor = bulk deal, bulk rate, bulk rate discount.
    * diferencia cada vez mayor entre... y = widening of the gap beween.... and, widening gap between... and.
    * distanciamiento cada vez mayor entre... y, = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.
    * durante la mayor parte de = for much of.
    * durante la mayor parte del año = for the best part of the year.
    * en caso de fuerza mayor = in the event of circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.
    * en el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * en la mayor parte de = in the majority of.
    * en mayor grado = to a greater degree, a fortiori, to a greater extent, to a larger degree, to a larger extent.
    * en mayor medida = to a greater extent, to a greater degree, a fortiori, to a larger degree, to a larger extent.
    * en mayor o menor grado = to a greater or lesser degree.
    * en mayor o menor medida = to a greater or lesser extent.
    * en su mayor parte = largely, mostly, for the most part.
    * en un número cada vez mayor = in increasing numbers.
    * fuerza mayor = force majeure.
    * hora de mayor demanda = peak time.
    * importancia cada vez mayor = growing importance, growing significance.
    * interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.
    * jefe del estado mayor = Chief of Staff.
    * la mayor parte de = the majority of, the main bulk of, the lion's share of.
    * la mayor parte de las veces = more often than not.
    * la proporción mayor de = the lion's share of.
    * libro de mayor venta = bestseller [best seller/best-seller].
    * material de tamaño mayor de lo normal = outsize material.
    * mayor + Nombre = longer + Nombre.
    * mayor rendimiento = efficiencies of scale.
    * mucho mayor = far greater, far larger, very much greater.
    * obtener el mayor rendimiento posible = maximise + opportunities.
    * para mayor información sobre = for details of.
    * para mayor información véase + Nombre = see + Nombre + for further details.
    * para mayor inri = to cap it all (off), on top of everything else, on top of everything else, but to make things worse, but to make matters worse.
    * período de mayor demanda = peak time.
    * precio al por mayor = block rate, wholesale price, bulk rate.
    * precio especial por compra al por mayor = bulk deal.
    * preocupación cada vez mayor (por) = growing concern (about).
    * problema cada vez mayor = growing problem.
    * problemas cada vez mayores = mounting problems.
    * programación televisiva de mayor audiencia = prime time television.
    * programa de mayor audiencia = prime time programme, prime time show.
    * sacar el mayor partido al dinero de uno = get + the most for + Posesivo + money.
    * sacar mayor partido a = squeeze + more life out of.
    * sacar mayor provecho = stretch + further.
    * separación cada vez mayor entre... y = widening gap between... and.
    * ser el que con mayor frecuencia = be (the) most likely to.
    * símbolo de mayor-que (>) = greater-than sign (>), greater-than symbol (>), right angled bracket (>).
    * suministro al por mayor = bulk supply.
    * tonto de marca mayor = prize idiot.
    * una mayor variedad de = a wider canvas of.
    * una necesidad cada vez mayor = a growing need.
    * un conjunto cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un grupo cada vez mayor de = a growing body of.
    * un número cada vez mayor = growing numbers.
    * un número cada vez mayor de = a growing number of, a growing body of.
    * vender al por mayor = sell + in bulk, wholesale.
    * venta al por mayor = wholesaling, wholesale.

    * * *
    A
    pueden volar a mayor altura they can fly at a greater height
    estas tablas le dan mayor amplitud a la falda these pleats make the skirt fuller
    un material de mayor flexibilidad a more flexible material
    en otros países el índice de mortalidad infantil es aún mayor in other countries the infant mortality rate is even higher
    esto podría reportar beneficios aún mayores this could bring even greater benefits
    mayor QUE algo:
    una superficie cuatro veces mayor que la de nuestro país a surface area four times greater than that of our country
    cualquier número mayor que 40 any number above 40 o greater than 40 o higher than 40
    X > Z ( Mat) (read as: equis es mayor que zeta) X > Z (léase: x is greater than z)
    el mayor país de América Latina the biggest country in Latin America
    el mayor número de accidentes de Europa the greatest o highest number of accidents in Europe
    ésa ha sido siempre su mayor preocupación that has always been her greatest worry
    le ruego lo envíe a la mayor brevedad posible ( Corresp) please send it as soon as possible o ( frml) at your earliest convenience
    la mayor parte de los argentinos most Argentinians, the majority of Argentinians
    ¿tienes hermanos mayores? do you have any older o elder brothers or sisters?
    mayor QUE algn older THAN sb
    soy dos meses mayor que tú I am two months older than you
    2
    (superlativo): ¿quién de los dos es el mayor? who is the older o elder of the two?
    éste es mi hijo mayor this is my eldest o oldest son
    el mayor de todos los residentes the oldest of all the residents
    3 (viejo) elderly
    ya es muy mayor y no puede valerse sola she's very old o ( colloq) she's getting on and she can't manage on her own
    4
    (adulto): no se les habla así a las personas mayores you shouldn't talk to adults o grown-ups like that
    cuando sea mayor quiero ser bombero when I grow up I want to be a fireman
    vamos, que ya eres mayorcito para estar haciendo esas cosas come on, you're a bit old to be doing things like that
    cuando sea mayor de edad ( Der) when he reaches the age of majority
    soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera I'm over 18 ( o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please
    (grande): no creo que esto requiera mayores explicaciones I don't think this needs much in the way of explanation
    no tengo mayor interés en el tema I'm not particularly interested in o I don't have any great interest in the subject
    la noticia no me produjo mayor inquietud the news did not worry me particularly o unduly
    se llevó a cabo sin mayores contratiempos it was carried out without any serious o major hitches
    no pasar or llegar a mayores: tuvo un pretendiente, pero la cosa no pasó a mayores she had a boyfriend, but it didn't come to anything o but nothing came of it
    hubo una pelea pero no llegó a mayores there was a fight but it was nothing serious
    (principal): Calle Mayor Main Street ( in US), High Street ( in UK)
    E ( Mús) major
    F ( Com):
    (al) por mayor wholesale
    [ S ] venta sólo (al) por mayor wholesale only
    los compran (al) por mayor they buy them wholesale
    hubo problemas (al) por mayor there were innumerable problems
    A
    1
    (adulto): no te metas en las conversaciones de los mayores don't interrupt when the adults o grown-ups are talking
    cada niño debe ir acompañado de un mayor each child must be accompanied by an adult
    mis/tus mayores my/your elders
    Compuesto:
    masculine and feminine person who is legally of age o who has reached the age of majority
    B
    mayor masculine ( AmL) ( Mil) major
    * * *

     

    mayor adjetivo
    1

    ◊ grande) ‹número/porcentaje› greater, higher;


    ‹ beneficio› greater;

    a mayor escala on a larger scale;
    un número mayor que 40 a number greater than 40

    ◊ grande): el mayor número de accidentes the greatest o highest number of accidents;

    su mayor preocupación her greatest o biggest worry;
    a la mayor brevedad posible as soon as possible;
    la mayor parte de los estudiantes most students, the majority of students
    2 ( en edad)

    mayor que algn older than sb

    ◊ es la mayor de las dos she is the older o elder of the two;

    mi hijo mayor my eldest o oldest son

    d) ( adulto):


    cuando sea mayor when I grow up;
    ser mayor de edad (Der) to be of age;
    soy mayor de edad y haré lo que quiera I'm over 18 (o 21 etc) and I'll do as I please
    3 ( en nombres) ( principal) main;

    4 (Mús) major
    5 (Com):

    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( adulto) adult, grown-up (colloq);

    mis/tus mayores my/your elders;
    mayor de edad person who is legally of age
    mayor
    I adjetivo
    1 (comparativo de tamaño) larger, bigger: necesitas una talla mayor, you need a larger size
    (superlativo) largest, biggest: ésa es la mayor, that is the biggest one
    2 (comparativo de grado) greater: su capacidad es mayor que la mía, his capacity is greater than mine
    la ciudad no tiene mayor atractivo, the town isn't particularly appealing
    (superlativo) greatest: ésa es la mayor tontería que he oído nunca, that is the most absurd thing I've ever heard
    3 (comparativo de edad) older: es mayor que tu madre, she is older than your mother
    (superlativo) oldest
    el mayor de los tres, the oldest one 4 está muy mayor, (crecido, maduro) he's quite grown-up
    (anciano) he looks old
    ser mayor de edad, to be of age
    (maduro) old: es un hombre mayor, he's an old man
    eres mayor para entenderlo, you are old enough to understand it
    5 (principal) major, main: tu mayor responsabilidad es su educación, the thing that's most important to you is her education; la calle mayor, the main street
    6 Mús major
    7 Com al por mayor, wholesale
    II sustantivo masculino
    1 Mil major 2 mayores, (adultos) grownups, adults
    (ancianos) elders
    ♦ Locuciones: al por mayor, wholesale
    ir/pasar a mayores, to become serious: discutió con su marido, pero el asunto no pasó a mayores, she had an argument with her husband but they soon forgot about it

    ' mayor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abundar
    - adicta
    - adicto
    - afán
    - alcalde
    - alcaldía
    - almacén
    - amable
    - brevedad
    - burgomaestre
    - calle
    - caza
    - colegio
    - confluencia
    - desarrollar
    - edad
    - engrandecer
    - escaparate
    - estado
    - Excemo.
    - Excmo.
    - fuerza
    - gruesa
    - grueso
    - hacer
    - hacerse
    - inri
    - obra
    - osa
    - palo
    - persona
    - plana
    - polemizar
    - predilección
    - re
    - safari
    - salir
    - sol
    - teniente
    - vender
    - venta
    - abuelo
    - ama
    - anhelo
    - atractivo
    - audiencia
    - cazar
    - ciudad
    - compás
    - de
    English:
    act
    - address
    - adult
    - big
    - bomb
    - bulk
    - capacity
    - cash-and-carry
    - claw back
    - densely
    - dipper
    - dormitory
    - elaborate
    - elder
    - eldest
    - few
    - frisky
    - grow up
    - growing
    - high street
    - hill
    - inquest
    - lion
    - little
    - main
    - major
    - mayor
    - mostly
    - much
    - nominee
    - often
    - old
    - outflow
    - outweigh
    - over
    - part
    - perpendicular
    - residence
    - senior
    - sergeant major
    - spur
    - staff
    - trade price
    - utmost
    - wholesale
    - wholesale trade
    - wholesaler
    - worship
    - abject
    - cash
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [comparativo] [en tamaño] bigger ( que than); [en edad] older ( que than); [en importancia] greater ( que than); [en número] higher ( que than);
    este puente es mayor que el otro this bridge is bigger than the other one;
    mi hermana mayor my older sister;
    es ocho años mayor que yo she's eight years older than me;
    un mayor número de víctimas a higher number of victims;
    una mayor tasa de inflación a higher rate of inflation;
    en mayor o menor grado to a greater or lesser extent;
    no creo que tenga mayor interés I don't think it's particularly interesting;
    no te preocupes, no tiene mayor importancia don't worry, it's not (all) that important;
    apartamentos mayores de 100 metros cuadrados Br flats o US apartments of over 100 square metres;
    subsidios para parados mayores de cuarenta y cinco años benefits for unemployed people (of) over forty-five;
    la mayor parte de most of, the majority of;
    la mayor parte de los británicos piensa que… most British people o the majority of British people think that…;
    Mat
    mayor que greater than
    2. [superlativo]
    el/la mayor… [en tamaño] the biggest…;
    [en edad] the oldest…; [en importancia] the greatest…; [en número] the highest…;
    la mayor de las islas the biggest island, the biggest of the islands;
    la mayor crisis que se recuerda the biggest crisis in living memory;
    el mayor de todos nosotros/de la clase the oldest of all of us/in the class;
    el mayor de los dos hermanos the older of the two brothers;
    vive en la mayor de las pobrezas he lives in the most abject poverty
    3. [más] further, more;
    para mayor información solicite nuestro catálogo for further o more details, send for our catalogue
    4. [adulto] grown-up;
    cuando sea mayor when I grow up;
    hacerse mayor to grow up;
    ser mayor de edad to be an adult
    5. [no joven] older;
    [anciano] elderly;
    una mujer ya mayor an older woman;
    ser muy mayor to be very old;
    hay que escuchar a las personas mayores you should listen to older people;
    la gente mayor, las personas mayores [los ancianos] the elderly
    6. [principal] major, main;
    la plaza mayor the main square;
    la calle mayor the main street;
    el palo mayor the main mast
    7. Mús major;
    en do mayor in C major
    8. Com
    al por mayor wholesale;
    ♦ nmf
    el/la mayor [hijo, hermano] the eldest;
    mayores [adultos] grown-ups;
    [antepasados] ancestors, forefathers;
    es una película/revista para mayores it's an adult movie o Br film/magazine;
    respeta a tus mayores you should respect your elders;
    la cosa no llegó o [m5] pasó a mayores the matter didn't go any further
    ♦ nm
    Mil major
    * * *
    I adj
    1 comp: en tamaño larger, bigger; en edad older; en importancia greater;
    mayor que greater than, larger than;
    ser mayor de edad be an adult;
    ser (muy) mayor be (very) elderly;
    mayor que older than
    2 sup
    :
    el mayor en edad the oldest o eldest; en tamaño the largest o
    biggest; en importancia the greatest;
    los mayores the adults;
    la mayor parte the majority
    3 MÚS tono, modo
    major;
    do mayor MÚS C major
    4 COM
    :
    al por mayor wholesale
    II m MIL major
    :
    ir o
    pasar a mayores get serious
    * * *
    mayor adj
    1) (comparative of grande) : bigger, larger, greater, elder, older
    2) (superlative of grande) : biggest, largest, greatest, eldest, oldest
    3) : grown-up, mature
    4) : main, major
    5)
    mayor de edad : of (legal) age
    6)
    por mayor : wholesale
    mayor nmf
    1) : major (in the military)
    2) : adult
    * * *
    mayor1 adj
    2. (más grande) bigger
    4. (anciano) old / elderly
    5. (adulto) grown up
    6. (principal) main
    mayor2 n
    ¿cuántos años tiene el mayor? how old is the oldest?
    2. (adulto) grown up
    de mayor when I grow up / when you grow up etc.
    hacerse mayor to grow up [pt. grew; pp. grown]

    Spanish-English dictionary > mayor

  • 19 caseta para el perro

    (n.) = kennel, doghouse
    Ex. Animals must have enough room to stand up and turn around, and each species must have its own kennel.
    Ex. Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.
    * * *
    (n.) = kennel, doghouse

    Ex: Animals must have enough room to stand up and turn around, and each species must have its own kennel.

    Ex: Some people prime and paint their doghouses to match their homes.

    Spanish-English dictionary > caseta para el perro

  • 20 irritar

    v.
    1 to irritate.
    Su actitud irrita a Ricardo His attitude irritates Richard.
    La loción irrita la piel The lotion irritates the skin.
    2 to annul.
    El documento irrita la apelación The document annuls the appeal.
    * * *
    1 to irritate
    1 to lose one's temper, get annoyed
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=enfadar) to irritate
    2) (Med) to irritate
    3) [+ celos, pasiones] to stir up, inflame
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <piel/garganta> to irritate
    b) < persona> to annoy, irritate
    2.
    irritarse v pron
    a) piel/ojos to become irritated
    b) persona to get annoyed, get irritated
    * * *
    = irk, needle, irritate, rattle + Posesivo + cage, rub + Nombre + up the wrong way, spite, annoy, roil, nerve, gall, rile, peeve, enrage, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, exasperate, touch + a (raw) nerve, raise + Posesivo + hackles.
    Ex. She had been told from time to time that he seemed to derive satisfaction from needling the staff, but she had never been able to pin down specifically what he does that irks them.
    Ex. She had been told from time to time that he seemed to derive satisfaction from needling the staff, but she had never been able to pin down specifically what he does that irks them.
    Ex. Their education must accordingly be designed to prepare them for that future, however much this may irritate the myopics whose only concern is for the present.
    Ex. The author maintains that his poem makes an attempt to rattle the cage and is a gesture toward revolt, a call to abandon any vision of human life that does not embrace the sexual universe.
    Ex. Relations between the two countries would now be difficult as our Prime Minister had rubbed theirs up the wrong way over ridiculous matters.
    Ex. Men's abuse of children is in many instances instrumental in order to coerce or retaliate against women, echoing the Greek myth of Medea who killed her own children to spite her father.
    Ex. Library pests are any humans, large or microscopic beasts, library equipment or installations, or chemical and biological substances that hamper or annoy the reader.
    Ex. Episcopalians were roiled by the approval of a rector outspokenly conservative on such matters as the liturgy, the hymnal and ordination.
    Ex. But there's something which has nerved me before with the forum.
    Ex. It was the American attitude of superiority that galled them the most.
    Ex. Now is not the time for superfluous rantings intended to rile the public.
    Ex. Things like talking over the performances and cutting to commercials in the middle of performances were really peaving the people who watched.
    Ex. On a recent field trip, he drank too much and became enraged with another student by whom he felt insulted.
    Ex. Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.
    Ex. His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.
    Ex. Radical intellectuals often seem exasperated by what appears as excessive attention paid to conceptualization.
    Ex. Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.
    Ex. But be prepared to raise some hackles if you take this approach, because it is essential you do it openly and not behind your boss' back.
    ----
    * irritarse con = get + short with.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) <piel/garganta> to irritate
    b) < persona> to annoy, irritate
    2.
    irritarse v pron
    a) piel/ojos to become irritated
    b) persona to get annoyed, get irritated
    * * *
    = irk, needle, irritate, rattle + Posesivo + cage, rub + Nombre + up the wrong way, spite, annoy, roil, nerve, gall, rile, peeve, enrage, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, exasperate, touch + a (raw) nerve, raise + Posesivo + hackles.

    Ex: She had been told from time to time that he seemed to derive satisfaction from needling the staff, but she had never been able to pin down specifically what he does that irks them.

    Ex: She had been told from time to time that he seemed to derive satisfaction from needling the staff, but she had never been able to pin down specifically what he does that irks them.
    Ex: Their education must accordingly be designed to prepare them for that future, however much this may irritate the myopics whose only concern is for the present.
    Ex: The author maintains that his poem makes an attempt to rattle the cage and is a gesture toward revolt, a call to abandon any vision of human life that does not embrace the sexual universe.
    Ex: Relations between the two countries would now be difficult as our Prime Minister had rubbed theirs up the wrong way over ridiculous matters.
    Ex: Men's abuse of children is in many instances instrumental in order to coerce or retaliate against women, echoing the Greek myth of Medea who killed her own children to spite her father.
    Ex: Library pests are any humans, large or microscopic beasts, library equipment or installations, or chemical and biological substances that hamper or annoy the reader.
    Ex: Episcopalians were roiled by the approval of a rector outspokenly conservative on such matters as the liturgy, the hymnal and ordination.
    Ex: But there's something which has nerved me before with the forum.
    Ex: It was the American attitude of superiority that galled them the most.
    Ex: Now is not the time for superfluous rantings intended to rile the public.
    Ex: Things like talking over the performances and cutting to commercials in the middle of performances were really peaving the people who watched.
    Ex: On a recent field trip, he drank too much and became enraged with another student by whom he felt insulted.
    Ex: Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.
    Ex: His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.
    Ex: Radical intellectuals often seem exasperated by what appears as excessive attention paid to conceptualization.
    Ex: Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.
    Ex: But be prepared to raise some hackles if you take this approach, because it is essential you do it openly and not behind your boss' back.
    * irritarse con = get + short with.

    * * *
    irritar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹piel/garganta› to irritate
    el humo le irritaba los ojos the smoke was irritating his eyes
    tiene la garganta irritada his throat is sore o inflamed
    2 ‹persona› to annoy, irritate
    1 «piel/ojos» to become irritated
    2 «persona» to get annoyed, get irritated
    se irritó por lo que le dije he got annoyed o irritated at what I said
    nunca se irrita con las críticas de sus adversarios she never gets annoyed at her opponents' criticisms
    * * *

    irritar ( conjugate irritar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹piel/garganta› to irritate;

    ◊ tiene la garganta irritada his throat is sore o inflamed


    irritarse verbo pronominal
    a) [piel/ojos] to become irritated


    irritar verbo transitivo to irritate
    ' irritar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    crispar
    - enfermar
    - picar
    - provocar
    - chocar
    - fastidiar
    - reventar
    English:
    gall
    - irk
    - irritate
    - needle
    - rile
    - roil
    - rub
    - annoy
    - vex
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [enfadar] to irritate, to annoy
    2. [piel, garganta] to irritate;
    me irritó la garganta/piel it gave me a sore throat/a rash;
    el humo me irrita los pulmones smoke irritates my lungs
    * * *
    v/t tb MED irritate
    * * *
    : to irritate
    * * *
    irritar vb to irritate

    Spanish-English dictionary > irritar

Страницы

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